跳虫的

Pingbianensis flowers were ants (Aphaenogaster smythiesii Forel,Formicidea), springtail (Hypogastrura sp., Hypogastruridae, Collembola) and one species of beetles (Anomala corpulenta Motsch, Rutelidae). These pollinators generally have restricted movement capacities and hence promote geitonogamy or mating between individuals in close proximity within populations. The results of out crossing index pollination experiments in our study suggest that T. pingbianensis has an animal-pollinated, mixed selfing and outcrossing breeding systems.

通过对屏边开口箭的开花物候、传粉生物学、交配系统的研究以及对近交衰退的检测，结果显示：屏边开口箭单花花期约15天左右，柱头、花粉活力持续时间较长；传粉昆虫多为蚂蚁、跳虫，偶有小甲虫拜访，缺乏长距离传粉昆虫；杂交指数以及套袋试验的结果表明屏边开口箭为高度自交亲和的混交模式植物，且在幼苗早期并没有表现出明显的近交衰退现象。

In this paper, we reviewed the phylogeny of Collembola based on morphological characters and molecular data.

本文就跳虫形态学和分子系统学方面的研究工作进行了综述。

However, the study on the application of springtail in soil ecological risk assessment is very limited.

目前跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的应用研究尚处于起步阶段。

Made a familia key to Chinese Collembola; Identified 54 species from China, which including 4 new record and 9 new species; List all the 294 species reported in China now with their geographical distribution.

编写国内跳虫分科的检索表；鉴定全国各地标本54种，报道中国新种9种和新记录种4种；并整理国内已报道的294种跳虫的名录和分布地区。2。

Collembola, Protura and Diplura are not only important groups of the soil animal biodiversity, but also one of the key groups in studying the evolution arthropod, because their phylogenetic position are critical to the understanding of the evloution of insect orders.

跳虫、原尾虫和双尾虫不仅是土壤动物多样性研究的重要类群，又是节肢动物低等类群向陆生有翅昆虫演化的中间环节，是节肢动物进化研究中的关键类群之一。

The monophyly of Colelmbola is widely accepted. However, the controversies about the system and the phylogeny of it are existent between different taxonomists. Questions such as whether the Collembola aquatic and which relationships between the different groups in Collembola are argued, too.

跳虫的单系性已经被广泛接受，但是不同的分类学家对跳虫的分类系统和系统发生持有不同的看法，对于跳虫的水生还是陆生的起源，跳虫内部各个类群之间的亲缘关系等问题，一直具有争议。

The origin and phylogenetic position and inner relationships of Collembola constitute the controversial focuses. The solution of these questions is one of the key points to resolve the higher-level phylogeny of arthropod , particularly hexapod relationships.

跳虫的起源、分类地位和系统关系等问题，对于阐明六足动物甚至节肢动物各大类群的系统关系非常关键，日益成为相关学者关注和争论的焦点。

The studies started with the traditional taxonomy of Collembola, emphasized to reveiew several Chinese familiar groups in soil such as Hypogastruridae and Neanuridae based on their external morphological characters, reported new species and new record species to China, and made a checklist of all the reported Chinese species.

本研究从弹尾纲的形态分类入手，在掌握弹尾纲各个类群主要的外部形态分类特征基础上，着重整理、鉴定了国内弹尾纲的球角科、疣科等土壤内常见类群，补充报道了中国新种和新记录种，整理了国内已知跳虫的名录。

The results of the analysis to complete 18S rDNA and partial 28S rDNA D 6-7 domain sequences of 30 collembolan species supported the monophyly of Poduromorpha and Symphypleona, Entomobryoidea is not a monophyly, familia Neelidae should be separated from Symphypleona. The situation about the superfamilia of Tomoceroidea and the familia Neelidae need further studies. The results of the further analysis to complete 18S rDNA and nearlly completely 28S sequences of 4 Protura, 6Collembola, 5 Diplura, 5 Insecta, 10 Crustacean, using 1 Myriapoda and 1 Chelicerata as outgroups indicated that Protura, Collembola and Diplura are monophy, respectively, Protura and Diplura have the nearest realationship, they make sister groups with Collembola and all of them assemble with Insecta to make a monophy cluster of Hexapod; The results support the monophy of Pancrusracea, Crustacean is not a monophy cluster and the realationships between them with Hexapod need further reseachers.

对我国的14科27属30种跳虫的18S rDNA全序列和28S rDNA部分序列(D6-D7)的基因信息数据进行分析，结果支持原目、愈腹目的单系性，长角目不形成单系群，支持短角科从愈腹目中分出，但鳞总科和短角目的分类地位有待于深入分析探讨；进一步比对4种原尾虫、6种跳虫、5种双尾虫、5种昆虫和10种甲壳动物的18S rDNA全序列和28S rDNA全序列，以1种多足动物和1种螯肢动物为外群，进行系统关系分析，结果显示：原尾纲、弹尾纲、双尾纲分别为单系群，原尾纲和双尾纲优先聚为一支，然后和弹尾纲构成姐妹群，以上三类又和昆虫聚为一支，支持六足动物的单系性，支持泛甲壳动物，但甲壳动物并未形成单系，其各类群和六足动物之间的亲缘关系尚须进一步确定。3。

The abundance of Sminthuridae in the XS11 plot was higher than that in the KMD plot during the first month after transplanting.

在大田生长前期XS11田间以圆跳虫为主的弹尾虫比KMD田间的高，中后期弹尾虫基本消失，主要原因估计为缺少腐殖质来源：A89BC论62文网www.abclunwen.com

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。