路径

If it avoids scattering over one mean free path, the odds favor scattering by the time it traverses another mean free path, and so on.

如果光子在一个平均自由路径中不被散射掉，它也会在第二个平均自由路径中或以后的平均自由路径中被散射掉。

According to the algorithm, TSP cycle was divided into bicycles randomly, and then the best combination was used to compose a monocycle. In this way, the cycle will converges to optimal solution. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated by simulation experiment using public TSPLIB data.

将TSP环路动态随机分解成双环，再用最佳组合方式组合成单环，实现了在总体路径寻优下的局部路径优化，从而使所得路径尽可能接近最优解。

How to provide route to meet the driver's multiple psychological expectations is the key problem of navigation system. The essence of this problem is resource constrained shortest path problem, which belongs to NP-C problems and can not be solved with the traditional shortest path algorithm.

提供满足驾驶员多个心理期望的路径是导航系统该解决的关键问题，其本质是资源约束最短路径问题，属于NP难问题，无法使用传统的最短路径算法解决。

On the basis of Venigalla\'s work,we adopted two path-based algorithms, namely,gradient projection algorithm and disaggregated simplicial decomposition algorithm to solve nonadditive path cost traffic assignment problem under different engine operating modes.We compared the above two algorithms in a network example which showed that compared with the traditional Frank-Wolfe algorithm, the two path-based algorithms had a more quicker convergency while getting optimal solution,and it can obtain a satisfying solution in most cases.

2在Venigalla等人研究工作的基础上，分别采用基于路径的梯度投影算法(gradient projection，GP)和基于路径的非集计的单纯分解算法(disaggregated simplicial decomposition，DSD)来求解考虑不同发动机启动模式下，具有非可加路径费用的交通分配问题，在实例计算中比较了这两种算法的计算性能。

Based on image we study the tool path generation technology and problem of tool path planning. We put forward an algorithm for self-discrimination of island relation and an automatic intersected method of the region machining unit, which can judge the relationship among any plane obturate contour line effectively and swiftly. We also study the tool path generation technology of two-dimensional machining, basso-relievo machining, three-dimensional lifting-pen machining. Meanwhile, we put forward an optimize approach of tool path, which improve the efficiency of engraving.

研究了图像的刀具路径生成技术与轨迹规划问题，提出了基于射线的岛屿关系自动判断和区域加工单元的自动分割方法，有效、快速地判断了平面任意封闭轮廓线之间的关系，研究了平面任意区域填充加工、浮雕加工、三维提笔加工的刀具路径生成的技术，提出了刀具路径优化方法，提高了雕刻加工的质量和效率。

We put forward an algorithm for self - discrimination of island relation and an automatic intersected method of the region machining unit , which can judge the relationship among any plane obturate contour line effectively and swiftly . we also study the tool path generation technology of two - dimensional machining , basso - relievo machining , three - dimensional lifting - pen machining . meanwhile , we put forward an optimize approach of tool path , which improve the efficiency of engraving

研究了图像的刀具路径生成技术与轨迹规划问题，提出了基于射线的岛屿关系自动判断和区域加工单元的自动分割方法，有效、快速地判断了平面任意封闭轮廓线之间的关系，研究了平面任意区域填充加工、浮雕加工、三维提笔加工的刀具路径生成的技术，提出了刀具路径优化方法，提高了雕刻加工的质量和效率。

System speaking of the Master CAM, first must establish the components the geometry model, according to the components actual size, draws its processing part the contour line, does not need to draw the entire components the model, guaranteed the computation production the cutting tool way coordinates accuracy, and may use the Master CAM Chinese Library level the function, when determination cutting tool way, transfers or the hideaway, the selective treatment needs contour line; Next, the formulation processing craft and the definite craft parameter, chooses the cutting tool, the processing semi finished materials, the work piece origin of coordinates again and so on, establishes the work piece coordinates system, definite work piece coordinate system and engine bed coordinate system relative size, thus obtains the components processing correct cutting tool way; Finally, the simulation function which system provides using the Master CAM, the realization simulation processing.

对于Master CAM系统而言，首先要建立零件的几何模型，根据零件的实际尺寸，画出其加工部分的轮廓线，无需画出整个零件的模型，以保证计算生成的刀具路径坐标的正确性，并可利用Master CAM中图层的功能，在确定刀具路径时，加以调用或隐藏，来选择加工需要的轮廓线；其次，制定加工工艺并确定工艺参数，再选择刀具、加工毛坯、工件坐标原点等，建立工件坐标系统，确定工件坐标系与机床坐标系的相对尺寸，从而得到零件加工的正确刀具路径；最后，利用Master CAM系统提供的仿真功能，实现模拟加工。

We focus on the development of uses' habit and customized path calculation. The contents of users' habits include recording routing parameter and the path that the user often passes. This function is not supported by existing navigation software, like Garmin, PaPaGo, Mio, and so on.

习惯记忆内容包含路径规划上规划参数的记忆以及使用者常行驶路径的记忆，这是在目前的GPS导航软体中（例如：Garmin、PaPaGo、Mio等），皆没有的功能，更不用说以习惯记忆所延伸出的使用者习惯的路径规划功能。

The assembly path planning method of trial disassembly based on simulation is presented with CATIA/DMU. This method is used to plan the assembly path of aircraft component and the tools. At the same time, collision detection is carried out to planned path in order to ensure the correctness of the assembly path.

提出了基于CATIA/DMU的仿真试拆卸的装配路径规划方法，采用该方法对飞机构件和工装进行装配路径规划，同时进行干涉与碰撞检查，保证了装配路径的正确性。

Quantified environment model was the basis for quantitative study on path planning of mobile robots.By using free-space method,the two-dimensional weighted network topology was created according to mobile robot environment.The path length of environment was modeled with length matrix and the path width of environment was modeled with width matrix.

移动机器人工作环境的定量建模是移动机器人路径规划定量分析的基础，采用自由空间法，建立移动机器人工作环境的二维带权网络拓扑模型，模型中的长度矩阵描述工作环境的路径实际长度，宽度矩阵描述工作环境的路径实际宽度。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。