路基

At first, this paper conducts in depth research on classification method, compaction propeties, granulometric composition and crushing of stone. On the basis of clarifying engineering characteristics of material of rock-filling embankment, requirements of ground treatment have been put forword in this paper. Then combined with the site test and engineering practice in SHUINAN Road and LANLIN Road, through the synthetical analysis of factors of influencing densification effect for the maximum grain size of filling material, lay-down thickness, granulometric composition, densification machinery and densification frequency etc., this paper studies key technical problems about construction technologies for spreading and leveling of filling material, choosing densification machinery, densification technology and slope construction systematically. Finally, construction technologies of filling lime-stone and sand-stone roadbed have been proposed in this paper ,which are significant for quality guarantee of highway engineering.

本文首先从石料的分类方法、压实特性、粒径组成以及破碎性等方面进行研究，在明确填石路基填料的工程特性基础上，进而提出了填石路基的地基处理要求，然后结合广西水南路和甘肃兰临路填石路基试验路段上的现场研究，通过对填石路基填料最大粒径、松铺厚度、粒径组成，压实机械以及碾压遍数等影响压实效果因素的综合分析，系统研究了填石路基填料的摊铺与整平技术、压实机械选型技术、压实工艺以及边坡施工技术等施工工艺中的关键问题，最后提出石灰岩类和砂岩类填石路基的施工工艺要求。

Simulation results verify that insulated board can effectively protect the heat from transferring into the foundations, and the frozen table is always around the lower bottom of the boards; the position of the frozen table with insulated boards is higher than that of without; the embank- ment formation has a better effect on the center of embankment, the shoulder and toe of the roads than others; after consideration of the construction effect, the best lay out of the insulated boards is higher than the position of natural ground surface to 0.3-0.6 m; this formation of the embankments is the right effective constructer to be used in the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet railway.

通过数值模拟可知：保温板能够有效地阻止热量由路基面向下传入地基中，使0℃等温线始终在保温板底层；复合路基多年冻土上限的位置要比无保温板时的高；该结构形式对路基中心、路肩和坡脚下的多年冻土上限抬升的综合效果更好；考虑施工条件后，复合路基在保温板铺设距离天然地面之上0.3~0.6 m对于路基稳定性最为有利；该路基结构形式为青藏铁路多年冻土区路基的理想结构形式，有利于克服全球变暖的影响。

Highway construction lacks quantitative technological guidance. At first, this paper conducts in depth research on classification method, compaction propeties, granulometric composition and crushing of stone....

本文首先从石料的分类方法、压实特性、粒径组成以及破碎性等方面进行研究，在明确填石路基填料的工程特性基础上，进而提出了填石路基的地基处理要求，然后结合广西水南路和甘肃兰临路填石路基试验路段上的现场研究，通过对填石路基填料最大粒径、松铺厚度、粒径组成，压实机械以及碾压遍数等影响压实效果因素的综合分析，系统研究了填石路基填料的摊铺与整平技术、压实机械选型技术、压实工艺以及边坡施工技术等施工工艺中的关键问题，最后提出石灰岩类和砂岩类填石路基的施工工艺要求。

In order to solve the frost heave and thaw settlement, the model tests were made in Tibetan Plateau. Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

Two kinds of model were designed to horizontal drain structure embankment and the ventilation embankment in suit. The effect of horizontal plastic drain was analyzed in contrast with the ventilation embankment. The mechanisms of horizontal plastic drain were studied in permafrost, such as gravity draining in the superficial layer and structure stiffing in the embankment in the theory. According to the design theory, the parameters of horizontal plastic drain were confirmed in the embankment. The values of deformation were inspected by fiber monitor system in the permafrost embankment.

摘 要：为了解决青藏高原的冻土浅层雨季雨水下渗和蒸发所产生的冻土冻胀与融沉问题，在青藏高原开展水平排水板结构性路基和普通通风路基的原位模型对比试验，并从理论上探讨水平排水板在多年冻土路基中浅层重力排水和结构加劲的作用机理，确定水平排水板的铺设参数；运用光纤监测技术对水平排水板在多年冻土路基中的变形进行监测，对比分析水平排水板铺设与否这2种条件下冻土路基变形监测结果。

Based on them, distribution laws of subgrade temperature field under fluctuant boundary temperature cycle conditions are analyzed, and different ratios of slope for general subgrade and different status when there are or not banquettes are compared by laboratory simulation and numerical analysis; thermal insulation and cooling effect of thermal insulation slab, broken stone and non-power heat pipes is respectively investigated under the trend of elevated temperature by numerical analysis, laws of subgrade deformation are predicted under the trend of elevated temperature and influences of subgrade thaw settlement on pavement stress are studies by numerical computation for observation data of representative road sections selected.

为研究青藏公路冻土病害处治对策，从青藏公路2002年～2004年冻土病害整治工程实际出发，在系统分析研究青藏公路病害及发生机理的基础上，运用室内模拟试验、数值分析方法，依托处治冻土病害路段实际使用的隔热板路基、碎石路基、无动力热棒路基等进行现场试验，分析边界温度周期波动条件下的路基温度场分布规律，同时进行一般路基不同边坡坡率的对比研究及有无护坡道的对比研究；运用数值分析方法，对气温升高趋势下隔热板、碎石、无动力热棒的隔热降温效果进行了研究；选择代表性路段观测资料，运用数值计算的方法，进行升温趋势下的路基变形预测，研究路基融沉变形对路面应力的影响。

The effect of subsoil kinetic parameters upon the asphalt pavement settlement is studied in order to draw a relation between the dynamic parameters and the accumulative plastic deformation of subsoils. Based on a half-filled and half-dug embankment, a kind of method, which may compute the critical differential settlement making asphalt pavement yielded, is drawn in order to analyze the influence of the asphalt pavement deformation due to the differential subgrade settlements.

研究了路基土不同的动力参数对路基变形的影响，得出路基土动力参数～路基土累积残余变形之间的定量关系；以半挖半填路基为例，提出一种用于分析由于交通荷载反复作用而使路基产生的差异沉降对路面结构影响的方法，通过对路面结构的变形分析提出了临界差异沉降概念。

Although the reinforcement technology has been applied widely in highway construction, there are many challenges in the field which puzzle highway engineer for a long time in China. Mechanical behavior and design method of reinforced subgrades in highways have been studied thoroughly based on

针对加筋土路基的关键问题，通过现场调查、理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟和现场测试，对加筋土路基的主要工程问题、静力荷载和行车荷载作用下加筋土路基的力学行为、加筋土路基的设计计算理论、方法和参数以及加筋土路基施工技术进行了深入系统的研究。

The heat insulation materials of the XPS of which decrease embankment height, thermal pipes setup in sun-facing side of embankment, crushed rock cover and shading board are used to adjust the subgrade damages caused by the thaw basin. Crushed rock-based embankment and both sides thermal pipes are used to adapted to subgrade damages caused by thaw-sandwich layer. The berms are adapted to subgrade damages caused by the frozen bulge.

针对融化盘偏移所引发的病害，提出可采用XPS板路基降低路基高度，或在阳坡一侧采用热棒路基、碎石护坡路基、遮阳板路基等工程措施进行治理；针对融化夹层所引发的病害，提出可采用片块石路基、双侧热棒路基进行治理；针对冻结核发育所引发的病害，提出可采用防水保温护道进行治理。

The subgrade damages are divided into two-types: high subgrade and low subgrade damages. High subgrade damages of which are related to the embankment height and slope directions maily include longitudinal cracks and subgrade cracks. The higher of the embankment height, the greater of the happening rate. The mechanisms of high subgrade damages formation are analyzed by the observed dates of soil temperature within the embankment and damages survey. In warm permafrost regions, the damages are mainly caused by the formation and development of the thaw bulb and thaw layer. In cold permafrost regions, the damages are mainly caused by frozen bulges.

围绕这些病害特征及形成过程，提出了将多年冻土区填土路基病害分为低路基病害与高路基病害，目前青藏公路路基的病害形式主要表现为以纵向裂缝与路基开裂为主的高路基病害，并提出了高路基病害与路基高度及坡向直接相关，路基高度越高，高路基病害发生的几率越大；通过对高路基地温观测数据的分析，并结合高路基病害的调查结果，研究得出了不同地温区高路基病害的形成机理，提出高温冻土区主要是由于融化盘与融化夹层的形成与发展所引起的，低温冻土区主要是由于冻结核的形成与发展所引起的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。