跨国公司

The conclusion is that the present economic level of China is approximately equal to that of the developed countries in 1970s, and the present Chinese FDI outflow is approximately equal to that of the developed countries between 1960s and 1970s, and that the Chinese FDI outflow lags behind its economic development. In its demonstration of the industrial transfer limit theory, the paper puts forward its main viewpoint, namely, FDI is a means of transferring behindhand industry and heightening industrial structure adopted by developed countries, but this type of industrial transfer will not move in a cycle and the limit of the transfer will occur inevitably. In other words, FDI is not a means of improving industrial structure for such big developing countries as China and India. The paper, too, advances the theory of institution advantage, holding that the development of Chinese TNCs will not be explained reasonably unless institution advantage is entered into the OIL paradigm. This theory enriches and complements the theory of TNC.

这种研究在笔者所查阅的资料文献中尚属少见，其基本结论是，中国的经济发展相当于发达国家1970年代的水平，但中国对外的FDI相当于其1960 ~1970年代的水平，相显滞后；本文论证了产业转移极限论，主要观点是，对外进行FDI是发达国家转移落后产业，提升自己产业结构的手段，但这种产业转移不能顺次循环下去，必然会出现转移的极限，即对外直接投资不会是中国、印度等较大的发展中国家提升产业结构的手段；本文还提出了制度优势论的观点，即在OIL范式中，还须增加制度优势，方能对中国的跨国公司成长做出合理的解释，这是对跨国公司理论的一个完善和补充。

The MNEscontinue to deepen the internal division of labour and enlarge the scope of world market.

分工对跨国公司的作用最明显的是提高了跨国公司的生产效率。

The internal trade of multinational corporations is the important part of international trade.

跨国公司内部贸易是国际贸易的重要组成部分，跨国公司内部贸易的迅猛发展，导致国际贸易的内容和形式都发生了重大变化。

Years work experience in project management field, PM experience in construction unit within international project environment is a strong plus

10年以上项目管理经验，在跨国公司工作过或为跨国公司客户服务过优先

Embedded analyses are carried out of the occasion and challenge to lead foreign capital into western area It is recommended that the policy makers should try their best to attract foreign capital and put the preferential openness strategy into practice in order to promote western development For the sake of drawing FDI into western provinces, the policy making must be changed from stimulation based to regulation based, and be founded on institution innovation constituting uniform and limpidity game rule...

促成外资西进，应从基于激励转向基于规则，以"制度创新"为核心，着眼于建立统一、透明的游戏规则，保证公平、公开、公正的竞争机制；要在市场准入等方面实行优先开放，建设开放型的经济，在更大的范围内实行"五个两"战略；改变传统的引资方式，促进加工贸易向国际型产品开发制造的转变；加快西部的投资自由化和贸易自由化的进程，谨慎推行资本项目的自由化；实行跨国公司友好型政策，积极吸引跨国公司直接投资。

Developed a national corporation into a worldwide business .Up to the present, 30 multinationals have invested in Shenzhen hi-tech industries, including 17 Fortune 500 Companies. Among them are IBM, Compaq, Seagate, Sanyo and Xerox in computer industry, and Phillips, Northern Telecom, Lucent Technologies in telecom industry, Du pont in new materials industry and other corporations such as Epson and Olympus.

经过十几年的引进，迄今全球500强跨国公司中，已有17家公司在深圳投资高新技术产业，如计算机产业的ibm、康柏、希捷、三洋、施乐，通信产业的菲利蒲、北方电信、朗讯科技，新材料产业的杜邦等等，还有几家像爱普生、奥林巴斯这些实力雄厚的大企业，也在深圳投资兴业，目前有30家大跨国公司在深圳投资兴办高新技术企业。

Triomphe de I Etoile,ParisUp to the present, 30 multinationals have invested in Shenzhen hi-tech industries, including 17 Fortune 500 Companies. Among them are IBM, Compaq, Seagate, Sanyo and Xerox in computer industry, and Phillips, Northern Telecom, Lucent Technologies in telecom industry, Du pont in new materials industry and other corporations such as Epson and Olympus.

经过十几年的引进，迄今全球500强跨国公司中，已有17家公司在深圳投资高新技术产业，如计算机产业的ibm、康柏、希捷、三洋、施乐，通信产业的菲利蒲、北方电信、朗讯科技，新材料产业的杜邦等等，还有几家像爱普生、奥林巴斯这些实力雄厚的大企业，也在深圳投资兴业，目前有30家大跨国公司在深圳投资兴办高新技术企业。

The history of multinational operation is close to 200 years,while it has been prospering about 40 years.

跨国公司的历史已有近二百年，而跨国公司在全球范围内的蓬勃发展则是近四十年的事。

With the organization characteristics and its competitiveness of industrial clusters as middle network organization, the dissertation constructs a non-symmetry diamond model of FDI-driving industrial clusters by expanding Porter's diamond model, therefore spreads the securable advantage of clusters from local network to global network.

实证则以硅谷集群为例研究了跨国公司总部集群与产业集群的组织创新，以及以台商在中国大陆的投资研究了跨国公司分厂经济与产业集群的组织创新，证实了理论研究的结果。

It is also important to segregate the large companies into giant international corporations and those are not.

将大公司区分为大型跨国公司及其非跨国公司是很重要的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。