跟踪

Most photorealistic solutions use a form of raytracing and complex differential equations to approximate the optical behaviour and motion dynamics of a water body.

大多数解决方案使用光线跟踪和复杂的微分方程来近似水体的光学行为和运动动力学。

In this method, two fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate unknown functions, and an error compensator is designed to reduce the influence of approximation error on tracking accuracy.

针对一类非线性系统提出了间接自适应模糊控制方法，该方法用模糊逻辑系统逼近未知函数，并设计误差补偿器来减少逼近误差对跟踪精度的影响。

Finally, the universal approximation theorem of fuzzy system is generalized to the function space L〓.

为进一步提高控制系统的跟踪精度，在补偿控制律中采用了可变边界层的方法。

By using the interpolation mechanism of fuzzy system, an approach of building the series of fuzzy systems, which can uniformly approximate any continuous function on a compact domain to any accuracy, is given, and then the universal approximation theorem is generally proved.

利用模糊系统的插值模型来代替被控对象的真实模型，设计了一个自适应模糊控制策略；为保证系统的全局稳定性，增加了一个补偿控制律，它是根据模糊系统的逼近误差估计量来设计的，因此这里系统跟踪误差的收敛性不依赖于模型最小误差的平方可积性[70，71]。

Sport watch, Swiss-Made automatic movement displaying 6-hour, 30-minute and 60-second subdial, Main dial polished silver-tone hour/minute hands with luminous accents and polished chronograph-seconds sweep hand, Subdials displayed by silver-tone hands, Main dial applied and polished silver-tone luminescent baton markers, White Arabic numbers/indices mark subdials, Red/white numbers and white indices mark outer minute track, Analog date display at 3, Polished silver-tone stainless steel round bezel and case with raised design at case sides, Polished screw-in crown and steel pushers, Stainless steel screw-in 'skeleton' caseback, Sapphire crystal, 200 meters/660 feet water resistant.

运动手表，瑞士制造的自动运动显示6小时，30分钟和60秒的表盘，抛光银主拨号音小时/分钟双手发光口音和抛光计时，秒扫手，Subdials显示的银色色调手，主要应用于拨号和抛光银双色荧光指挥棒标记，白色阿拉伯数字/指数马克subdials，红/白，白指数的数字标记外分钟跟踪，模拟3日期显示，抛光银双色不锈钢圆形边框并设立案件提出了设计方面的情况，抛光螺钉在'在冠和钢铁顶推船，不锈钢螺钉骨架'表壳，蓝宝石水晶，200 meters/660英尺防水。

It was proved that the proposed control scheme guarantees that all the variables in the closed-loop system are bounded and the mean-square tracking error can be made arbitrarily small by choosing some design parameters appropriately.

理论证明，所提方法保证闭环系统的所有信号一致有界，且通过选择适当的设计参数，可使跟踪误差任意的小。

By choosing suitable design parameters, all the signals in the resulting closed-loop system are uniformly bounded and the norm of the tracking error vector converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around zero by using the presented control approach.

通过选择适当的设计参数，提出的控制方法使得闭环系统的所有信号是一致有界的和跟踪误差向量的范数收敛到小的零邻域内。

We have proposed the switching adaptive control law for the systems and designed the Lyapunov function in this thesis. It is proved that the proposed switching adaptive control law guarantees the solutions of the nonlinear systems boundedness and convergence of the tracking error to a residual set based on the Lyapunovs stability theory. The residual set can be made arbitrarily small by choosing a certain design parameters.

文中设计出了这类系统的切换自适应控制律，并构造出相应的Lyapunov函数，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统在所设计的控制律作用下，闭环信号都有界并且跟踪误差收敛到一个集合，通过选择适当的参数可使这个集合任意小。

It is shown that under the supervision of the monitoring functions, the switching of control signal will stop after a finite number of switching and the tracking error will converge to a residual set that can be made arbitrarily small by choosing some design parameters sufficiently small.

进而证明，当被控对象相对阶大于1、高频增益符号未知时，在监控函数的监测下，相关控制信号经至多有限次切换后将停止切换，跟踪误差将收敛到一个残集内，且该残集可通过减小某些设计参数而变得任意小。

Based on the physical model of PV array, a simulation model is designed in the PSIM environment, including the simulation arithmetic of Maximum Power Point Tracking.It is used for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system.

基于光伏矩阵的物理特性，在PSIM仿真环境下，设计带有最大功率跟踪技术仿真算法的光伏矩阵仿真模型，应用于实际的单相光伏并网系统。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。