距离

Some methods are discussed to speed up the K-MEANS clustering algorithm with Euclidean and Mahalanobis distance norm.

同时，归纳并整理了一整套基于欧氏距离和马氏距离的K均值快速算法，为了解决传统基于距离函数算法的样本顺序相关问题，提出了针对两类问题的顺序无关聚类算法。

The distance from the point where it enters the frontalis to supra-orbital foramen is 40.2±9.1 mm, the vertical and horizontal distances from the point that it enters the frontalis to supra-orbital foramen are 33.8±8.4 mm and 30.5±8.8 mm respectively.

眶上神经起始部直径1.4±0.3 mm，本干入肌点至眶上孔的直线距离为40.2±9.1 mm，水平距离和垂直距离分别为 30.5±8.8 mm和 33.8±8.4 mm。

This paper gives a mathematical definition to that two open planar curves have the same shape based on curvature representation, therefore, a new kind of shape distance is proposed. It is concluded that the problem of computing the shape distance between two open planar curves can be changed to the problem of a functional extremum, and the differential equation is given, which can be used to figure out the shape distance.

本文为基于曲率表示的两条平面开曲线的等形下了严格的数学定义，从而找到了一种新的形状距离度量，并且证明了这种形状距离的计算问题可以转化为一个泛函的极值问题，同时给出了求解形状距离的微分方程。

The algorithm for generlized edit distance is NP-complete.A one-direction,low complexity document distance metric based on generalized edit distance is proposed after probing special patterns of document plagiarism.

广义编辑距离的计算是一个NP-完全问题，在充分考虑了文档抄袭行为的特点之后提出一种基于广义编辑距离的单向的低计算复杂性的文档距离度量方法。

In view of the dialectic relation between certainty and uncertainty, the schemed index set and ideal index set were taken as a set pair to define the connectivity distance of generalized weight between all other schemes and the positive scheme as well as the distance between all other schemes and the negative schemes.

从确定性与不确定性辨证关系出发，将方案指标集与指标理想集作为集对，给出了各方案与正理想方案的广义权联系度距离定义、各方案与负理想方案的广义权联系度距离定义，讨论了现阶段集对分析在多属性决策中的应用情况，指出了其存在的不足，提出了基于广义权联系度距离的多属性决策模型，并将其应用于矿山设备优选中。

Firstly, Geodesic distance is introduced to overcome the weakness of Euclidean distance. Then, neighborhood rough set model is introduced to make full use of neighborhood local information and also can avoid the discrete process of numerical attributes.

最后将一个二进制DE算法运用到特征选择，为了设计合理的适应度函数，本文首先针对基于欧氏距离类内类间评价函数的不足，引入流形中的测地线距离，力求保持数据集内在特性的基础上，提出了一个基于测地距离的适应度函数。

Isomap is one of the representative techniques of nonlinear dimensionality reduction.It extends classical multidimensional scaling by considering approximate geodesic distance. However,Isomap is sensitive to noise because the approximate geodesic distance is constructed on the basis of Euclidean distance. In this paper,a kernel-induced distance metric defined in the feature space is introduced instead of the Euclidean distance to evaluate the geodesic distance and construct the corresponding neighborhood graph.

采用核方法在特征空间推导出一类异于欧氏距离的新度量，代替等度规特征映射中的对噪声敏感的欧式距离，用新度量构造测地距离和相应的最小近邻图，提高Isomap算法的抗噪声能力。

A generalized Gaussian Laplacian eigenmap algorithm based on geodesic distance is proposed,which incorporates geodesic distance and generalized Gaussian function into the original Laplacian eigenmap algorithm.GGLE algorithm can adjust the similarities between nodes of neighborhood graph,and can preserve the different degrees of local properties by using super-Gaussian function,Gaussian function or sub-Gaussian function.Moreover,GGLE can avoid the deficiency of Euclidean distance by using geodesic distance when neighborhoods of data points are enlarged for preserving more neighborhood relations.Experimental results show that the global low-dimensional coordinates obtained by GGLE have different clustering properties and different degrees of preserving local neighborhood structures when different generalized Gaussian functions are used to measuring the similarities between high-dimensional data points.(3) An ensemble-based discriminant algorithm based on GGLE is proposed.

该算法将测地线距离和广义高斯函数融合到传统的拉普拉斯特征映射算法中，可以调整近邻图结点间的相似度，通过选择超高斯、高斯或者次高斯函数来实现不同程度的近邻局部特性的保持；而且当需要保持更多的近邻关系使得数据点邻域增大时，采用测地线距离可以避免欧氏距离度量不合理的缺陷；实验结果表明在用不同的广义高斯函数度量高维数据点间的相似度时，局部近邻结构保持的程度是不同的，GGLE获得的全局低维坐标也呈现出不同的聚类特性。

This kind of throwing motion can be used at short distances when a quick spin is needed, but is not very useful for throws longer than a half-turn.

当距离较近，需要较快的转速时，这种情形是有用的，但当投掷距离比半周投掷的合适距离远时，就不那么管用了。

To correct this, move forward a foot or eighteen inches and try again. When you find the distance from the target at which your knives stick consistently when thrown one-half turn in a way that's comfortable for you, mark the spot: drive a stake in the ground, build a cairn, hire someone to stand there with a flag, but mark that spot, and always practice half-turn throws from there.

当发现在某一距离上你能经常命中靶子，并且使用半周旋转投掷法时感觉舒适，则在此距离上作出标志：钉一个木桩、放一块石头、插上旗子等，并且始终在此距离进行半周投掷。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。