跖的

［Objective］To identify the standard of radiographic diagnosis and analyse the measurement between tailor's bunion and normal feet.［Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion. The measured results and other clinical presentations were compared.

［目的］通过对小趾囊炎足与正常足X线的测量及对比分析研究，明确小趾囊炎足X线诊断标准［方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion.

方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

Research on the diversity of shape and structure of avian tarsometatarsus,not only did it present evidences to realize the ecological habit of birds of different species,but made the knowledge of functional behavior of avian hindlimbs perfect progressively also.

不同类型鸟类跗跖骨的形态多样性分异反映了鸟类对外界环境的选择性适应。1鸟类跗跖骨的特征1·1鸟类跗跖骨的组构在鸟类后肢骨骼系统中，其下端的跗跖骨为一块愈合完整的骨骼，这亦成为鸟类特有的骨骼结构，与其他四足动物(跗骨、跖骨由多块分离的骨骼组成)明显不同，鸟类由于飞行使得

Correlation analysis and factor analysis indicated that two principal components were derived with each comprising 3 variables. The first principal component include the width of metatarsal trochlea II, III and IV; and the second principal component includes the relative height and anterior projection of metatarsal trochlea II compared to that of III, and relative anterior projection of metatarsal trochlea IV compared to that of III.

对现生鸟类跗跖骨5组（12个）变量进行分析，研究各变量间的相关程度，对变量进行主成分分析提取出2个主成分，其中第1主成分包括第II，III，IV三个跖骨的宽度变量；第2主成分包括：第II跖骨滑车相对于第III跖骨滑车的上下及前后位置两变量，以及第IV跖骨滑车相对于第III跖骨滑车的前后位置变量。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C.

论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

Nutrition solution culture, ICP-AES, the differential centrifugation technique and sequential chemical extraction method, suppression subtractive hybridization , RAPD were used in this thesis to study the mechanisms of copper tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis grown in copper mine deposit which was reported to be a Cu hyperaccumulator, compared with C. communis grown in normal soil. Several aspects were examined, including: difference of copper tolerance and accumulation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil; difference of growth and nutrient accumunation between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; physiological differences between between C. communis grown in copper mine deposit and that grown in normal soil under copper treatment; subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cu in C. communis; identification of cDNA fragments differentially expressed in C. communis grown in copper mine deposit; genetic diversity and copper tolerance of C. communis, tolerance mechanisms to copper in C. communis are discussed.

中文题名鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理和富集特征研究副题名外文题名 Mechanisms of Cu tolerance and accumulation by Commelina communis 论文作者廖斌导师蓝崇钰束文圣学科专业环境科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中山大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数128页关键词重金属污染植物修复超富集植物土壤污染铜污染鸭跖草馆藏号BSLW /2003 /X53 /12 论文以本实验室报道的生长于矿山上的铜超富集植物鸭跖草和生长于正常土壤中的鸭跖草为试验材料，分别运用溶液培养法、ICP-AES元素测定技术、差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法、抑制消减杂交技术、RAPD技术研究了矿山和非矿山两种生境鸭跖草对铜的耐性和吸收积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下养分吸收和积累的差异，两种生境鸭跖草在铜胁迫下生理反应的差异，以及铜在鸭跖草细胞内的分布及结合形态研究，矿山鸭跖草差异表达的cDNA克隆，铜对鸭跖草种群遗传分化的影响，从这几个方面探讨了矿山鸭跖草对铜的耐性机理。

Dissect the fascia from the dorsum down to the bursa oer the medial aspect of the metatarsal head. Then make a cured incision through the bursa and capsule of the joint Fig. 1-24,; begin the incision oer the dorsomedial aspect of the joint, continue it proximally dorsal to the metatarsal head and then plantarward and distalward around the joint, and end it distally on the medioplantar aspect of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

然后弧形切开滑囊及跖趾关节囊图1-24，，切口起自关节背内侧，自跖骨头背侧向近端延长，然后转向跖侧，再转向远瑞，环绕关节而行，最后在远端终止于跖趾关节的跖内侧面，此切口形成一椭圆形网球拍状组织瓣，连接于近节趾骨的基底部

Dissect the fascia from the dorsum down to the bursa over the medial aspect of the metatarsal head. Then make a curved incision through the bursa and capsule of the joint Fig. 1-24,; begin the incision over the dorsomedial aspect of the joint, continue it proximally dorsal to the metatarsal head and then plantarward and distalward around the joint, and end it distally on the medioplantar aspect of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

然后弧形切开滑囊及跖趾关节囊图1-24，，切口起自关节背内侧，自跖骨头背侧向近端延长，然后转向跖侧，再转向远瑞，环绕关节而行，最后在远端终止于跖趾关节的跖内侧面，此切口形成一椭圆形网球拍状组织瓣，连接于近节趾骨的基底部

Analysis of foot pressure distribution system could gain a complete gait cycle of foot pressure distribution, data acquisition and analysis software used footscan SOFTWARE7.0, foot process of analysis was divided into 10 regions: the first phalange, the second to the fifth phalanges, the first metatarsal, the second metatarsal, the third metatarsal, the fourth metatarsal, the fifth metatarsal, arch, medial heel and lateral heel.

足底压力分布解析系统可获得完整步态周期的足底压力分布图，数据采集与分析采用配套软件footscan SOFTWARE7.0，分析过程将足底分为10个区域：第1趾骨、第2~5趾骨、第1跖骨、第2跖骨、第3跖骨、第4跖骨、第5跖骨、足弓、足跟内侧和足跟外侧。

Thomas Aquinas first really came into his own as the doctor communis among the theologians.

托马斯阿奎那第一次真正走进他自己的医生跖的神学。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。