足的

［Objective］To identify the standard of radiographic diagnosis and analyse the measurement between tailor's bunion and normal feet.［Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion. The measured results and other clinical presentations were compared.

［目的］通过对小趾囊炎足与正常足X线的测量及对比分析研究，明确小趾囊炎足X线诊断标准［方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

should take seriously in diabetic education diabetic sufficient precaution protects manage education, enhance a patient to be opposite the protective consciousness of sufficient ministry, the educational guidance strength of knowledge of appropriate to choice, dress footgear in increasing pair of diabetics to nurse in sufficient ministry, in order to decrease diabetic sufficient happening.

在糖尿病教育中要重视糖尿病足的预防护理教育，增强患者对足部的保护意识，加大对糖尿病患者在足部护理中对选择、穿着合适鞋袜知识的教育指导力度，以减少糖尿病足的发生。

Forefoot plantar pressure distribution of Hallux Valgus is quite different from that of normal feet.

拇外翻足的前足底压力分布与正常足有显著性差异，PP和PTI最大值均位于第三跖骨头下，而在正常足则位于第二跖骨头下。

Methods: 12 fresh frozen shank-foot specimens from young adults were observed. The tibia was fixed rigidly. The talus and navicular were marked. We exerted different load on the forefoot for keeping it in different motion patterns and measured the three-dimensional coordinates of the marked points on these bones. The relative 3D motion range of the talonavicular joint was calculated. The characteristics of the talonavicular joint and the forefoot and their relationship were analyzed.

采用12例新鲜青壮年小腿足标本，牢固地固定胫骨，标记距骨和足舟骨，分别对足前部加载不同的负荷，使前足处于特定的不同运动状态，用三维数字化仪测量标记点的三维坐标值，计算距舟关节的相对三维运动值，分析距舟关节和前足的运动范围及两者间的关系。

The Ilizarov technique was used in 9 patients (11 feet) with the severe rigid talipes equinovarus deformity, in which one patient with syringomyelia, and the orthers with congenital club foot. Prospective goals of correction were made in all the cases.

方法］作者在2000年3月～2005年3月间，使用Ilizarov技术矫正9例11足重度僵硬性马蹄内翻足畸形，将连接于胫骨、跟骨、跖骨的外固定环互相连接、组合成复杂的三维外固定架，通过逐渐调整外固定架矫正畸形，从而使患足达到或接近正常足的外形和功能。

Methods 173 calcaneal fractures of 165 patients were operated from Mar.2001 to Dec.

回顾了2001年3月至2005年12月共165 例173 足的跟骨骨折手术病例，其中男性135 例142 足，女性30 例31 足。

In accordance with pathological changes and requirements for correctioning talipes equinus,cavus,calcaneus and forefoot varus or valgus,four standard external fixators were designed on the basis of Ilizarov apparatus assembly and tested biomechanically to correct the above.

根据中国患者马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻畸形足的病理改变特点与矫形要求，在Ilizarov环形外固定器构型的基础上，设计完成了标准的矫正马蹄足、高弓足、跟行足和前足内收或外翻的4种外固定矫形器构型，并进行了力学测试。

DM soft tissue less and stiffer than healthy group, it's the major factor to cause high forefoot pressure, the ankle dorsiflexion is the 2nd reason, the calcaneus tendon geometry shape was not different between two group.

左脚压力较右脚大之原因为惯用侧，神经病变受测者因本体感觉较差与关节活动度受限使接触时间增加，进而提高压力时间积分，糖尿病足的二、三和四跖骨大於正常足，糖尿病跖骨软组织厚度少於正常足且较硬，此为影响前足受压力影响的主因，背屈则次之，而跟腱的几何尺寸两者并无差异。

Method］from january 2003 to may 2006,32 patients were corrected with qin si-he's orthotics devices on the ilizarov principle of tension-stress,which involved 15 males and 17 females,the age ranged from 10 to 25 years.among these patients,2 were caused by peroneal nerve injury,l by tumor in the vertebral canal,5 by meningocele,11 were caused by poliomyelitis,13 by congenital talipes equino-varus.in accordance with deformities,external fixator and limitied operative methods were dertermined.the limited release of soft tissue were performed in 7 patients,limited osteotomy in 25 patients.the dynamic muscle balance operation were performed in 9 patients with imbalance of muscle strength.according to the ilizarov technique,the fixative rods were installed.the telescopic rods on the apparatus were rotated one week after the operation,the divices had corrective function in three-dimensional directions.the deformity of talipes equinovarus,internal rotation and drooping of the forefoot were gradually corrected,and the patients could bear weight and walked on the deformed foot.the mean duration of traction were 42 days,then removed the external fixator maintained with plaster for a site time.

方法］2003年1月～2006年5月，根据ilizarov张力应力法则，应用秦泗河改良的外固定矫形器，遵循ilizarov穿针固定的基本原则，共手术治疗马蹄内翻足32例，男15例，女17例；年龄10～25岁，平均17岁。病因：腓总神经损伤2例，腰椎管内肿瘤1例，硬脊膜膨出5例，小儿麻痹后遗症11例，先天性马蹄内翻足13例。术前用足掌的前外缘负重行走者11例，用足的外缘或足背外侧负重者21例。根据马蹄内翻足畸形程度、性质和患者年龄，确定实施有限矫形手术的方法和外固定矫形器治疗。本组7例同期实施有限的软组织松解术，25例同期实施了有限的截骨术和跗骨间关节融合术，9例合并踝关节内外翻肌力明显失衡者，同期行足部肌腱转移的肌力平衡术。然后安装外固定矫形器。术后按作者制定的管理程序，7 d开始旋转相应的螺纹牵拉杆，对器械进行三维空间的缓慢调整，先矫正前足内收和后足内翻，后矫正足下垂畸形，直至达到矫形要求的标准。在矫形的过程中定期进行x线检测，以防止发生踝关节前后移位，治疗期间允许患足负重行走。术后平均牵伸42 d，拆外固定器后患足再上石膏固定适当时间。

Objective Related factor in clinical nursing that inquiry into the diabetes foot, increase nursing quantity, reduce a limb rate of the diabetes foot.

目的探讨糖尿病足的临床护理相关因素，提高护理质量，减少糖尿病足的截肢率。方法对我科2003年8月￣2005年8月收治的34例糖尿病足患者进行了临床护理相关因素分析，进一步探讨糖尿病足的预防和综合护理方案。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。