足关节

Arch pain afflicts many of the children treated by Darryl Haycock, DPM, FACFAS. The northwest Ohio foot and ankle surgeon says the aerage age of these boys and girls ranges from eight to 12, but he's treated some as young as four.

根据FACFAS的西南俄亥俄足关节外科医生Darryl Haycock说，弓状骨疼痛也会影响儿童日常生活，这些儿童的平均年龄为8-12岁，但是也有小至4岁的。

Or that enough arthrosis swelling may indicate that glycuresis , rheumatic disease , kidney damage, is ligamentum loss.

足关节肿大可能预示糖尿病、风湿病、肾损害，或者是韧带损伤。

Methods Ten fresh-frozen foot specimens, three-dimensional kinematics of talonavicular joint were determined in the case of neutral position, dorsiflexion, plantoflexion, adduction, abduction, inversion and eversion motion by means of three-dimensional coordinate instrument （Immersion MicroScribe G2X） before and after calcaneocuboid arthrodesis under non-weight with moment of couple, bending moment, equilibrium dynamic loading.

方法10只新鲜尸体足标本，通过建立非负重位尸体足模型，结合力偶矩、弯矩及平衡加载方法，应用三维坐标仪测量分析跟骰关节融合前、后距舟关节在大体足背屈、跖屈、内收、外展、内翻及外翻运动中的三维运动度变化。

Methods: 12 fresh frozen shank-foot specimens from young adults were observed. The tibia was fixed rigidly. The talus and navicular were marked. We exerted different load on the forefoot for keeping it in different motion patterns and measured the three-dimensional coordinates of the marked points on these bones. The relative 3D motion range of the talonavicular joint was calculated. The characteristics of the talonavicular joint and the forefoot and their relationship were analyzed.

采用12例新鲜青壮年小腿足标本，牢固地固定胫骨，标记距骨和足舟骨，分别对足前部加载不同的负荷，使前足处于特定的不同运动状态，用三维数字化仪测量标记点的三维坐标值，计算距舟关节的相对三维运动值，分析距舟关节和前足的运动范围及两者间的关系。

Methods: 12 fresh frozen adult leg-foot specimens were mounted in a coordinated system, a Steinmann pin was perforated across the calcaneus, cuboidcum, talus, and naviculare as markers. The displacements of the marked points in the coordinated system were recorded. Through matrix translation and Euler equation, the rotational angle of the calcaneus, cuboideum, talus, naviculare were calculated, which represented the motion of the calcaneocuboid, talonavicular and ankle joint in different condition respectively, while statistical analysis were also taken between different conditions.

取新鲜足标本12例，通过加载使足产生某种形式的运动，用三维数字化坐标仪测量距下关节组成骨在某种运动状态下的相对三维坐标位移，通过矩阵转换和求解非线性函数方程计算其三维旋转角度，确定距下关节的运动范围、规律和在足整体运动中的作用。

Deliver the fixed skill of lock inner nail and fix within fibulare.

交锁髓内钉内固定术及腓骨内固定对小腿持重、维持足关节的结构功能及小腿下1/3应力平衡有重要作用。

Method］from january 2003 to may 2006,32 patients were corrected with qin si-he's orthotics devices on the ilizarov principle of tension-stress,which involved 15 males and 17 females,the age ranged from 10 to 25 years.among these patients,2 were caused by peroneal nerve injury,l by tumor in the vertebral canal,5 by meningocele,11 were caused by poliomyelitis,13 by congenital talipes equino-varus.in accordance with deformities,external fixator and limitied operative methods were dertermined.the limited release of soft tissue were performed in 7 patients,limited osteotomy in 25 patients.the dynamic muscle balance operation were performed in 9 patients with imbalance of muscle strength.according to the ilizarov technique,the fixative rods were installed.the telescopic rods on the apparatus were rotated one week after the operation,the divices had corrective function in three-dimensional directions.the deformity of talipes equinovarus,internal rotation and drooping of the forefoot were gradually corrected,and the patients could bear weight and walked on the deformed foot.the mean duration of traction were 42 days,then removed the external fixator maintained with plaster for a site time.

方法］2003年1月～2006年5月，根据ilizarov张力应力法则，应用秦泗河改良的外固定矫形器，遵循ilizarov穿针固定的基本原则，共手术治疗马蹄内翻足32例，男15例，女17例；年龄10～25岁，平均17岁。病因：腓总神经损伤2例，腰椎管内肿瘤1例，硬脊膜膨出5例，小儿麻痹后遗症11例，先天性马蹄内翻足13例。术前用足掌的前外缘负重行走者11例，用足的外缘或足背外侧负重者21例。根据马蹄内翻足畸形程度、性质和患者年龄，确定实施有限矫形手术的方法和外固定矫形器治疗。本组7例同期实施有限的软组织松解术，25例同期实施了有限的截骨术和跗骨间关节融合术，9例合并踝关节内外翻肌力明显失衡者，同期行足部肌腱转移的肌力平衡术。然后安装外固定矫形器。术后按作者制定的管理程序，7 d开始旋转相应的螺纹牵拉杆，对器械进行三维空间的缓慢调整，先矫正前足内收和后足内翻，后矫正足下垂畸形，直至达到矫形要求的标准。在矫形的过程中定期进行x线检测，以防止发生踝关节前后移位，治疗期间允许患足负重行走。术后平均牵伸42 d，拆外固定器后患足再上石膏固定适当时间。

Methods The damaged second metacarpophalangeal joint,distal part of the second metacarpal and proximal part of the proximal phalanx were dissected.The metatarsophalangeal joint was transferred to the region of metacarpophalangeal joint of hand.The dorsal pedis artery Was anastomosed to the radial artery ,and the great saphenous vein Was anastomosed to the cephalic vein at anatomical snuf-box. The dissected bones of the hand removed of the cartilage of joint and soft tissue were grafted back to the donor site of the foot.

手术切除破坏的第二掌指关节及部分第二掌骨和近节指骨，将第二跖趾关节转移至手部第二掌指关节处，在鼻烟窝处将足背动脉与桡动脉吻合、大隐静脉与头静脉吻合，将切除的第二掌指关节的软骨关节面和骨骼的软组织剔除后回植到足部第二跖趾关节供区。

The flexor hallucis longus was about (3.24±2.32) mm lateral to the center of metatarsophalangeal joint. Dorsal skin of big toe was innervated by saphenous nerve, superficial and deep fibular nerve.

(1)正常与外翻足的比较中，伸肌腱的位置在足横纹及止点处无明显的差异，在跖附关节及跖趾关节处，外翻足的伸肌腱明显外移(P.05)：长屈肌腱也明显外移(P.05)。

Methods From Aug1997to Sep2003,according to the injuries of interphalangeal joint,we grafted the metatarsusphalangeal joint and proximal phalangeal joints of2th toes for reconstructing it.

目的 观察第2足趾跖趾关节与近趾间关节移植同时重建掌指关节与近指间关节的临床疗效方法我们于1997年8月～2003年9月，根据掌指关节与近指间关节的损伤情况，设计应用第2足趾跖趾关节与近趾间关节移植同时重建掌指关节与近指间关节。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。