越冬孢子

The survival of oospores which were produced in the media was assessed after a winter. The methods promoting the oospore germination and the factors affecting the oospore germination were also investigated. Identfication of mating type, resistance to metalaxyl and isozyme genotype were performed on the F1 generations and parental isolates of oospores.

对马铃薯晚疫病菌在培养基上产生的卵孢子越冬后的存活能力、诱导卵孢子萌发的方法、影响卵孢子萌发的因素和卵孢子亲本及F_1代菌株的交配型、对甲霜灵抗性和同工酶基因型进行了初步测定和研究。

Phytophthora root and stem rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a prevalent and destructive disease in some soybean-growing regions. The causal fungus overwinters with oospores in soil and causes soybean root and stem rot next year.

在某些大豆生产区，由大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆根茎腐烂病是一种普遍流行的、极具破坏性的病害，病原真菌以卵孢子在土壤中越冬，在条件适宜时导致下一年大豆发生根茎腐烂。

The reproductive development process of birch was described as follows: Male inflorescences extended from apical bud in early June. In later June, stamen primodium was differentiated in the bract of male inflorescence and the differentiation of bract was generated in female inflorescence. During July, anther layers and archesporial cell were differentiated in anther, then archesporial cell developed into mother microspore cell. Pistil primodium came into being at the same time. In early part of August the meiosis of mother microspore cell started. In later August, mono-nucleus microspore was formed. After September, both male inflorescence and female inflorescence were dormant.

白桦的生殖生长发育过程如下：6月初，雄花序从顶芽中生长出来。6月中下旬，雄花序苞片上分化出雄蕊原基，雌花序分化出苞片。7月，雄花花药分化出花药壁和孢原细胞，孢原细胞演化为小孢子母细胞，雌花序苞腋处分化出雌蕊原基；8月中上旬，小孢子母细胞减数分裂，8月下旬形成单核小孢子；9月后雄花序以单核小孢子状念越冬，雌花序以雌蕊原基状念越冬。

Grape rust bacterium is in cold region with wintry spore live through the winter, spore of summer of the generation after catching is invaded first, fission of summerly spore caboodle comes loose a many summer spore, travel through air current, there are water and appropriate temperature on blade, summerly spore grows a gemma, invade blade through air hole.

葡萄锈病菌在严寒地区以冬孢子越冬，初侵染后产生夏孢子，夏孢子堆裂开散出大量夏孢子，通过气流传播，叶片上有水滴及适宜温度，夏孢子长出芽孢，通过气孔侵入叶片。

After these research, the results as followed(1) Oospores maintained a certain viability after a winter in the media.

研究结果表明，(1)在离体培养基上产生的卵孢子越冬后，保持了一定的存活能力，其存活率为19.7％～26.0％。

Mix in tropics semi-tropical, summerly spore piles annual to all can happen, go round and round, jump over summer or live through the winter with summerly spore.

在热带和亚热带，夏孢子堆全年均可发生，周而复始，以夏孢子越夏或越冬。

Next year, bacteria of live through the winter produces minute of unripe spore, lend harships transmission, invade from young leaf first, after producing new spore, invade branch tip or fructification again.

翌年，越冬病菌产生分生孢子，借风雨传播，先从幼叶侵入，产生新的孢子后，再侵入枝梢或果实。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。