超声波

Carya cathayensis ; oil ; ultrasonic ; fatty acid

山核桃；油；超声波；脂肪酸

The optimal extraction condition of flavonoids from the flower of Castanea mollissima Blume by different ways such as microwave,ultrasonic waves and heating circumfluence was discussed,and the extraction effect was compared.

探讨了微波萃取、超声波提取、常规加热回流等方法提取板栗花中黄酮类化合物的工艺，并对其提取效果进行对比。

Ultrasonic ; cavitate effect ; food industry ; application

超声波；空化效应；食品工业；应用

ResultThe maximumabsorption wavelength of reaction solution was about 720nm.The fermentation volume,adding the activated carbonor not,pHvalue of reaction solution and so on had no great effect onthe determinationresults and they could increase the screening efficiency.The effect of ultrasonic treatment for20min was obvious.When50ml volumetric flask was used,the suitable sampling volume was 2.5ml.It was better to centrifugate the fermentationliquid and the supernatant could be taken after standing inthe determination when necessary.

结果反应液最大吸收波长在720nm左右；发酵体积、加入活性碳与否、反应液的pH值等对测定结果影响不大，在筛选时可大大提高效率；超声波处理20min效果明显；在用50ml容量瓶进行定容时，取样体积以2.5ml为宜；对发酵液进行离心效果更好些，但在必要的情况下，可静置后取上清测定。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

The P-wave velocity v(superscript p and electrical conductivity of chloritic amphibolite are measured at 1.0 GPa, from room temperature to 700℃, using ultrasonic reflection-transmission combined method and impedance spectra method respectively. The sample comes from northern margin of the North China craton.

在1.0 GPa、室温至700℃条件下，分别采用超声波反射－投射法和阻抗谱法，测量了华北克拉通北缘绿泥石化斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度和电导率。

In this paper, ultrasonic assisted extraction technology of chlorogenic was studied.

研究超声波辅助提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的工艺。

The supernatant of the recombinant E. coli by sonication could not only repress the pigment synthesize of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, but also could attenuate the intensity of bioluminescence of V. harveyi VIB391 and V. harveyi BB886 by 68% and 53%, respectively.

将表达的重组菌体经超声波破碎后，取其上清液作用于紫色色杆菌ATCC 12472，使其受密度感应系统控制的紫色色素的合成受到抑制；又用上清液分别作用于哈维氏弧菌的发光菌株VIB391和BB886，可使其发光强度分别减弱68%和53%。

ConclusionThe extraction of chromone from S.divaricata with ultrasonic wave is found to be a rapid and efficient extraction method with short time and high production yield.

结论采用超声波提取技术提取防风色原酮，提取时间短，提取效率高，可用于防风色原酮的提取。

The cinnamaldehyde as a main component in the essential oil was determined. The effects of type of solvent, temperature, extraction time and ratio of solid to solvent were examined and optimized.

考察了NPSMAE提取溶剂的种类、提取温度、提取时间及固液比等对测定的影响，同时将NPSMAE与超声波辅助提取及水蒸气蒸馏等方法进行了比较。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。