起动

This result is helpful to select appropriate incipient equation.

为合理选用起动公式提供了依据。

Incipit of pebble has its particularity.

卵石的起动有其特殊性。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Loop, a quasigroup with an identity elementLoop, an edge that begins and ends on the same vertexLoop, a path that starts and ends at the same pointProgram loop, a sequence of commands that is executed repeatedlyAn infinite loop is a sequence of instructions in a computer program which loops endlessly.

使成环， quasigroup 与身分元素圈，边缘，道路起动和结束在开始和结束在同样端点圈的同样点节目圈，命令序列一再被执行一个死循环是说明顺序在计算机程序不尽地使成环。

Up to now, there are about 100 non-viscosity initial velocity formulas which have been put forward.

到目前为止一百多年来，所提出的无粘性颗粒的起动流速公式已在100个左右。

Note all the readings in the instrument board after the engine starts, more attention to L.

起动后应密切注意仪表板各仪表读数，尤其是机油压力，如没有压力，应立即停车检查。

Applications to real aeroengine starting process modeling validate that the proposed method can generate more robust and interpretable models.

实际发动机起动过程建模应用案例证明，这种思路对于具有非线性输入输出关系特征的数据可以产生鲁棒性好、解析性强的线参数非线性模型。

Obama has focused on government spending to jump-start the economy.

奥巴马在国内关注政府起动经济的开支。

Usage: special equipment for auto starting motor armature round coil automatic wire loading, automatic wire feeding, automatic alignment, automatic cutting off and automatic shape making.

用途：适用于汽车起动电机电枢圆线绕组的自动送料、自动去漆皮、自动定长切断、自动成形的一种专用设备。

As you slow to a stop, shift down to a low, starting gear.

当你慢下车来要停车的时候，把档位置调至起动档。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐