起于

"Advance organizer" and its application has attracted much attention since the concept was proposed by D.P. Ausubel, the educationist and psychologist of American in 1960."Advance organizer" teaching strategy can erect a bridge between the old knowledge and the new knowledge to be learned, and this can also facilitate the students comprehension of new knowledge and the consolidation of old knowledge.

&先行组织者&是美国教育心理学家奥苏贝尔于1960年首次提出的一个概念，它在已有知识和将要学习的新知识之间架起桥梁，促进新知识的理解和旧知识的保持。

The fifth Crusade sailed for Egypt in 1218, and besieged Damietta, hoping to exchange it for jerusalem

第五次十字军东征于1218年起航向埃及进发，占领了达米埃塔，希望以此来交换耶路撒冷。

Rostock was a serious contender as state capital but the decision favoured Schwerin.

对于州首府的竞争，罗斯托克（n小的时候看德甲，知道这个城市，还给这个城市起外号——螺丝脱壳）也有着相当的实力，但是最终的决定却青睐于什未林。

The current emperor, Frederick II, crowned in 1220, renewed the Empire's conflict with the Pope.

现任皇帝腓特烈二世于公元1220年加冕，随即与教廷再起争端。

For a time it seemed as though the nomads under the leadership of the Huns and Attila would play the same part towards the Graeco-Roman civilization of the Mediterranean countries that the barbaric Greeks had played long ago to the Aegean civilization.

曾经有一段时期，似乎匈奴和阿提拉领导的游牧部落对地中海国家希腊和罗马文明所起的作用，相当于很久以前半开化的希腊人对爱琴海文明的作用。

From 1904 onward, Portulano suffered severe bouts of hysteria and other mental illness that weighed heavily on their household, Pirandello ultimately institutionalizing her in 1919 upon the capture of both their sons in a World War I military campaign.

从1904年起， Portulano严重发作的歇斯底里和其他精神病，沉重的家庭，制度化皮兰德罗最终她于1919年被捕后，他们的儿子都在第一次世界大战的军事行动。

No one expected the Gulf states to make rapid progress towards a single currency.

没有人寄希望于海湾地区国家快速的建立起单一货币机制。

I had not been able to save as much as usual, and it seemed likely that I should have to stay in Lon-don and spend my time between my mothers cottage at Hampstead and my own rooms in town.

我没能积起象往常那样多的钱。看来，我可能还得待在伦敦，往来于我母亲在汉普斯特德的小屋和我自己在城里的寓所之间，消磨时光。

A fairly prolific recording artist, he was particularly notable in Austro-German music, having conducted discs of works by Max Reger and Paul Hindemith as well as the first Beethoven symphony cycle to be released on CD.

舒特纳同时也是东京NHK交响乐团的名誉指挥，从1977年到1990年任教于维也纳音乐表演艺术大学。因疾病缘故，从1990年起终止了指挥和教学工作。

Since Saturday, 10 U.S. soldiers have been killed in Afghanistan, including eight who perished in an assault by hundreds of militant fighters on two outposts in rural Nuristan province.

自上星期六起，已经有 10 名美军在阿富汗阵亡，其中八名美军死于激进份子的突击；数百名武装激进份子对美军在努利斯坦利省的两个前哨发动袭击。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。