赦

John the Baptizer appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.

洗者若翰便在旷野出现，宣讲悔改的洗礼，为得罪之赦。

But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them, and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem; but if they repent, and establish regular Prayers and practise regular Charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

" (Holy Qur'an 9：5)"但是，当禁个月过去，奋力杀死所有的异教徒，你们找他们，抓住他们，围攻他们，等待他们在于在千方百计，但如果他们悔过自新，并建立定期祈祷定期慈善和实践，然后打开解决之道：为真主是至赦的，是至慈的。

All that philosophy of right and wrong which has become famous, or infamous, under the name of Casuistry, had its origin in the distinction between Mortal and Venial Sin.

在诡辩学的名称下成为著名的或是不名誉的有关是和非的哲学，它的渊源来自"不可赦之罪"和"可赦之罪"间的区分。

For you to write thus to me, when the very illness and fever from which I was suffering I had caught from tending you, was of course revolting in its coarseness and crudity; but for any human being in the whole world to write thus to another would be a sin for which there is no pardon , were there any sin for which there is none .

我为了照顾你而染上你的病，在我被高烧病痛折磨之际，你居然写了这些话给我，其粗鲁和鄙俗当然是令人心寒；但是普天之下，任何一个人写这样的信给另一个人，都是罪不可赦，如果天下还有不可赦之罪的话。

For you to write thus to me, when the very illness and fever from which I was suffering I had caught from tending you, was of course revolting in its coarseness and crudity; but for any human being in the whole world[21b] to write thus to another would be a sin for which there is no pardon, were there any sin for which there is none[21c].

我为了照顾你而染上你的病，在我被高烧病痛折磨之际，你居然写了这些话给我，其粗鲁和鄙俗当然是令人心寒；但是普天之下 [2 1 b ] ，任何一个人写这样的信给另一个人，都是罪不可赦，如果天下还有不可赦之罪的话 [2 1 c ] 。

Then, Mr. Lin Yung-ching presented the second report on The Pardoner』s Prologue and Tale from The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the tale, Chaucer pointed out the main theme: Radix malorum est cupiditas through self-analysis and parables told by the pardoner selling indulgence.

接著，第二篇由林源庆先生报告《赦罪修士的故事》，本文为一短篇故事，节选自英国作家乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer的《坎特伯利故事集》，故事中藉由贩卖赎罪券的赦罪修士之自我剖析以及其所讲述的譬喻故事，点出贪婪为万恶渊薮的寓意。

A natural anxiety to escape the awful consequences of determining a particular act to be mortally sinful, and a desire, equally intelligible, to assist the Roman Catholic Church in its conflict with Protestantism by disburthening it of an inconvenient theory, were the motives which impelled the authors of the Casuistical philosophy to the invention of an elaborate system of criteria, intended to remove immoral actions, in as many cases as possible, out of the category of mortal offences, and to stamp them as venial sins.

迫使诡辩哲学的著者发明一套精密的规范体系，以便在尽量把不道德行为从不可赦犯罪的范畴中移出来，并把它们定为可赦之罪，其动机之一是出于一种自然的渴望，想要避免把一种特定行为定为不可赦罪的可怕后果，另一种动机是出于一种同样地可以体会的愿望，就是为天主教会解除一种不便的理论，来帮助罗马天主教会在和基督新教进行的冲突中取得胜利。

This study shows that Kangxi's "Tolerance Edict" of 1692 was the product of the Jesuits' protest against the anti-Christianity movement in Zhejiang. The Edict was quoted by many local offices to protect the European missionaries in the beginning of eighteenth century.

研究表明，由于浙江省发生了迫害天主教的事件，最终导致了&康熙1692年容教赦令&的产生。18世纪初，中国的许多地方官员就是依据这个赦令，保护了欧洲来华的传教士。

That when a Malefactor who has the Halter about his Neck, is tyed up, and just going to be turn'd off, and has a Reprieve brought to him: I say, I do not wonder that they bring a Surgeon with it, to let him Blood that very Moment they tell him of it, that the Surprise may not drive the Animal Spirits from the Heart, and overwhelm him

我也完全能理解我们英国的一种风俗，即当恶人被套上绞索，收紧绳结，正要被吊起来的时刻，赦书适到。这种情况下，往往外科医生随赦书同时到达，以便给犯人放血，免得他喜极而血气攻心，晕死过去

That when a Malefactor who has the Halter about his Neck, is tyed up, and just going to be turn'd off,* and has a Reprieve brought to him: I say, I do not wonder that they bring a Surgeon with it, to let him Blood that very Moment they tell him of it, that the Surprise may not drive the Animal Spirits from the Heart, and overwhelm him: For sudden Joys, like Griefs, confound at first.

我也完全能理解我们英国的一种风俗，即当恶人被套上绞索，收紧绳结，正要被吊起来的时刻，赦书适到。这种情况下，往往外科医生随赦书同时到达，以便给犯人放血，免得他喜极而血气攻心，晕死过去：狂喜极悲，均令人灵魂出窍。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。