赔偿

Big Business was in a tight corner at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in America for two things,the first one was that workmen's compensation in Common Law increasingly went against the development of the big business,the other one was that Voluntary compensation in some big businesses couldn't resolve the difficulties they faced.

19世纪末20世纪初，美国大企业在工伤赔偿问题上陷入困境：一方面是普通法原则下的工伤赔偿已愈来愈对企业界不利；另一方面是企业现有的自愿赔偿计划难以解决企业面临的工伤赔偿问题。

The author stresses on some issues of effect of contract rescission in Chapter four, such as restitution, compensation for damages and effect of especial clauses. The article indicates that restitution in contract rescission is an claim based on real right, compensation for damage includes compensations for performance interest and compensation beyond the compensation for damages for breach of contract, except acquirable benefit. The author also makes a research on the relation of contract rescission and penalty for breach of contract.

论文第四部分着重论述合同解除后的几个法律后果，如恢复原状、损害赔偿以及特别条款的有效性，指出合同解除下的恢复原状是一种物的请求权，损害赔偿包括债务不履行的损害赔偿和违约外的损害赔偿，但不包括可得利益，同时笔者对合同解除与违约金是否能够并存作了探讨。

However, the countries and regions of continental law maintain the compensatory principle and do not admit punitive damages liability is a civil liability, and investigate the adjudgements of punitive damages as a case, usually disavowing the adjudgements.

而在大陆法系国家和地区则坚持损害赔偿的补偿性原则，不承认惩罚性赔偿是一种民事责任，对普通法系的惩罚性赔偿判决则予以个案审查，一般情况下不认可惩罚性赔偿判决部分。

83Provided always that the Insurer has previously admitted liability under this Policy, any claimant under this Policy shall, at the expense of the Insurer do, and concur in doing and permit to be done all such acts and things as may be reasonably required by the Insurer for the purpose of enforcing any rights and remedies, or of obtaining relief or indemnity from other parties to which the Insurer shall be or would become entitled or subrogated, upon its paying for or making good any loss or damage under this Policy, whether such acts and things shall be or become necessary or required before or after his indemnification by the Insurer

惟保险人先前承认本保单的赔偿责任，根据本政策有任何赔偿请求人，在保险人expense做，并且同意这样做，并准许作出所有这些行为，可能是由保险人合理要求的东西为强制执行任何权利和补救措施，或从其他缔约方获得救济或赔偿的目的，该保险公司应或将成为有权或代位，在其支付或取得良好根据本政策有任何损失或损害，这种行为是否和东西都要或成为必要或前或后，他被保险人的赔偿要求

Article 23 Where two or more compensation claimants file applications for compensation against the same administrative act of an organization with compensation obligation, the organization with compensation obligation may try such cases as one case, and the date of receipt of the latest application shall be the date of formal acceptance.

第二十三条两个以上赔偿请求人对赔偿义务机关的同一行为分别提出赔偿申请的，赔偿义务机关可以并案审理，并以收到后一个申请的日期为正式受理的日期。

The text tries to make a general analysis on the system. When studying the controversial issues about the essence of the claim of right, the applied conditions and other questions in enforcement, we consider the system as a special protect method for special groups in Law of domestic relations.

笔者针对理论界关注的离婚损害赔偿请求权性质、离婚损害赔偿构成、以及实施中的有关问题进行了讨论，认为离婚损害赔偿应被视为亲属法上规定的特殊的损害赔偿，是立法出于公平原则，加强对弱者保护，维护受损害方权益的制度。

Liability in administrative indemnity of civil servants is an important part in state compensation and relates to private party,civil servant and administrative subject.In France,the system has experienced a aeries of development and formed the system in which the center is"individual fault"and permits private party to ask compensations.It has confirmed every detailed system through a aeries of cases.It is also very easy to deal with and has reached a radical balance of legitimate and efficiency.

公务员行政赔偿责任涉及到行政相对人、公务员和行政主体三方的关系，是国家赔偿制度的重要组成部分，法国公务员行政赔偿责任制度历经发展，形成了以&个人过错&为核心的、允许行政相对人直接向公务员求偿的行政赔偿责任制度，并通过一系列判例确认了各项具体制度，易于操作，达到了合法性与效率之问的理性与平衡。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

This article proposed establishing the school right infringement responsibility forces the liability insurance; Student accident injury danger, which in order to enhance the insured compensation ability. At the same time, they can safeguard suffers injury minor students obtains the prompt compensation. By transacting insurance and setting up compensation reserve funds are good ways to shift the financial compensation risk in minor students injuries accidents.

本文认为，建立学校侵权责任强制责任保险和未成年学生意外伤害险，从而提高被保险人的赔偿能力，保障受害的未成年学生获得及时的赔偿，通过办理保险和设立赔偿储备金来转移在未成年学生人身伤害事故中经济赔偿的风险。

Where is a partial loss of goods, merchandise, or other moveables, the measure of indemnity, subject to any express provision in the policy, is as follows:（1）Where part of the goods, merchandise or other moveables insured by a valued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy as the insurable value of the part lost bears to the insurable value of the whole, ascertained as in the case of an unvalued policy:(2) Where part of the goods, merchandise, or other moveables insured by an unvalued policy is totally lost, the measure of indemnity is the insurable value of the part lost, ascertained as in case of total loss:(3) Where the whole or any part of the goods or merchandise insured has been delivered damaged at its destination, the measure of indemnity is such proportion of the sum fixed by the policy in the case of the valued policy, or of the insurable value in the case of an unvalued policy, as the difference between the gross sound and damaged values at the place of arrival bears to the gross sound value:(4)"Gross value" means the wholesale price, or, if there be no such price, the estimated value, with, in either case, freight, landing charges, and duty paid beforehand; provided that, in the case of goods or merchandise customarily sold in bond, the bonded price is deemed to be the gross value.

货物、商品或者其他动产发生部分损失的，除保险单另有明文规定外，赔偿范围如下：(1)如果定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为保险单确定的保险金额中的比例部分，该比例为灭失部分的可保价值占全部可保价值的比例部分。可保价值的确定与不定值保险相同；(3)若不定值保险单承保的货物、商品或者其他动产的一部分发生全损，赔偿范围为损失部分的可保价值，可保价值的确定与全损时相同；(4)如果被保险货物或商品的全部或者一部分以受损状态运抵目的地，赔偿范围以完好毛值与受损价值的差额占完好毛值的比例计算，在定值保险单情况下，是保险单确定的金额的该比例部分，或者，在不定值保险单情况下，是可保价值的该比例部分；(5)&毛值&是指货物的批发价格，如果没有这种价格，则是货物的估计价值，不论哪一种情况，再加上已预先付讫的运费、卸货费和关税之后的价值；但是，如果货物或商品按惯例在关仓出售，那么关仓价格就视为毛值。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。