赏

Dr. Lars: You are a very funny man. I enjoy your movies.

拉尔斯博士：&你是个很有趣的人，我很看赏你的电影&

The Conservatives' label for the dying epoch is the "age of irresponsibility", a tag they once laudably applied to profligate householders as well as to the government.

保守党对即将过去的免费时代称作&不负责的时代&，他们也曾将这个名号加赏于挥金如土的户主和政府身上。

And him who drove the gods out of their liss

他饱赏美景，又痛哭着埋他死去的人的坟

As the addition of experience, the addition of experience, return those who have superior of each person of the same trade to enjoy a face, after becoming a friend with them, I just discover I am a genuine a person with a very limited outlook, what understanding is black cat white cat, what is the cat that passes more moistly.

随着经验的增加，经验的增加，还有各位同行高手的赏脸，和他们成了朋友后，我才发现我是一个地地道道的井底之蛙，了解到什么是黑猫白猫，什么是过得比较滋润的猫。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The vivid reflection of the theory of tackling ploblem in comprehensive way is that the school of ZiSi giving birth to a thought to prevent guilty before its taking place; Creating a system which regulate people with penality; The king have a good self -respect,benefit its people without harm.

它具体地表现是：在充分理解人性的基础上，内塑时代精神，劝之以道德，以达到&禁于未发&的预防目的；外立体制规范，齐之以赏刑，&使民有向&；王者尊德，贤者在位，利惠生民，&伤生弗伤&。

Potted can enter a short slender pointed piece of metal that insert spic the basin directly in, but cuttage 3 individual plant, rooted hind, can give enough water fertilizer, pass a month so, but full basin is fresh and green, henceforth, the flower is numerous ceaseless, if can pick a heart, promote ramose, can make you obtain more longer admire the beauty of flowers time.

盆栽的可直接将插穗扦入盆中，一盆可扦插三株，生根后，即可给予充足的水肥，这样经过一个月，就可满盆青翠，自此以后，花繁不断，如能摘心，促进分枝，则更能令你获得更长的赏花时间。

A shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

某轮船公司要求赔赏打捞沉船的费用。我得作些哲理性的思考了。

A shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

某轮船公司要求赔赏打捞沉船的费用。那垂死男子的凹陷的眼睛。

As wine should never be skulled, it takes its admirers on a slower journey towards intoxication.

因为葡萄酒永远都不该一饮而尽，所以它会使赏酒人踏上更为漫长的醉酒之旅。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失