资本信用

The New Capital Accord attaches more importance to banks' inside system of assessing risks than to the capital adequacy, and emphasizes the supplementary role of Supervisory Review of Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline.

与旧协议相比，新巴塞尔资本协议扩大了资本充足约束的范围，对银行面临的信用风险、市场风险和操作风险均提出了配置相应资本的要求，提出了一整套可供银行灵活选择的循序渐进的资本金计算方法。

The keynote of corporate credit has moved from static capital credit to dynamic capital credit.

公司信用的基调已从静态的资本信用转向动态的资产信用。

1ST FINANCIAL BANK USA ACCESS FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ACMG FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ALASKA USA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ALDENVILLE CREDIT UNION AMERICA FIRST FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ANCHOR MUTUAL SAVINGS BANK APPLIED CARD BANK ARIZONA FEDERAL CREDIT UNION ARIZONA STATE CREDIT UNION ARLINGTON FEDERAL CREDIT UNION BANCO POPULAR DE PUERTO RICO BANK MIDWEST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BANK OF AMERICA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION BANK OF UTAH BANNER BANK BARCLAYS BANK DELAWARE BARCLAYS BANK PLC BELCO COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION BRANCH BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY BURBANK CITY FEDERAL CREDIT UNION CAPITAL ONE, F.S.B. CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION CAPITAL ONE BANK CARD SERVICES FOR CREDIT UNIONS, INC. CHARTWAY FEDERAL CREDIT UNION CHASE BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION CHELSEA GROTON SAVINGS BANK CITIBANK, N.A. CITIBANK SOUTH DAKOTA, N.A. CITIZENS BANK CITIZENS EQUITY FIRST CREDIT UNION CLYDESDALE BANK PLC.

金融银行美国第一联邦信用合作社ACMG可信联邦信用合作社阿拉斯加美国联邦信用合作社奥尔登维尔储蓄互助社美国第一联邦信用合作社主播银行双方储蓄银行卡应用美国亚利桑那州联邦信用合作社亚利桑那州立储蓄互助社阿灵顿联邦信用合作社波多黎各人民银行银行中西部，美国全国银行协会，美国犹他州横幅银行全国性协会银行巴克莱银行巴克莱银行特拉华贝尔科合作信用社分支银行与信托公司的伯班克市联邦信用合作社第一资本，联邦安全局第一资本，全国性的协会，首都一家银行卡服务信用社股份有限公司查特韦联邦信用合作社美国大通银行，全国性协会切尔西格罗顿储蓄银行花旗银行，北美花旗银行南达科他，不适用国民银行公民的权益第一信用卡联盟格士德银行有限公司。

My paper is divided into three parts, firstly, introduces one — Person company in basic theory, including its conception, characteristics, dividends and relevant terms in other countries; Secondly, illustrates China should establish one — Person company system, discusses rationality to admit one-Person comPany from theoretical and practical sides, Points out group is not the essence of legal Person, mass organization as Legal Person is a legal Person based on Person; capital credit is the essence of a company, and one-Person company can also have it; limited liability of shareholders does not depend on detachedness of ownership and management, admitting one investor enjoy limited liability will not damage creditors' profits that much.

本文分为三部分，第一部分是一人公司理论与立法概要，主要介绍一人公司的概念、特征、类别及各国的立法例；第二部分全面论述我国应建立一人公司制度，首先，论述全面建立一人公司的理论依据，提出了团体性不是法人的本质特征，社团法人是以人为基础的法人；资本信用是公司的本质特征，一人公司可以具备资本信用；有限责任的基础不是所有权与经营权的分离，允许一人投资者享有有限责任并非对公司债权人极为不利的观点；接着论述全面建立一人公司的实践依据；最后进一步分析我国全面建立一人公司制度的必要性。

Education2002/09-2003/12 Maastricht University, NetherlandsMaster of Social Security1989/09-1993/07 Renmin University of ChinaBachelorProfessional certificationFRMThe China Securities Association, a practicing certificateCurrent treatment minimum wage: RMB 530,004 / year = 44,167 / month × year fixed-DecemberExperience2007/07- present Union Life Beijing Company Compliance Risk Management Department / General Manager of Corporate Risk Management Committee Member and the Investment Management Committee members of BeijingReporting Objects: Company CROWork: Economic Capital Management asset-liability management comprehensive risk management Compliance Management Investment Risk Management Investment Performance Evaluation Management Legal Services Corporate Risk Management Committee Member, and the investment management committee members, participation in pension and asset management companies to build.2003/11-2007/06 Taikang Life Beijing Company Risk Management / Manager BeijingReporting object: department headWork: measuring market risk economic capital and credit risk economic capital integration of the entire company's economic capital, including the insurance risk and operational risk economic capital, economic capital internal controls and operational risk management a variety of risk analysis and asset liability management study capital management and capital allocation Risk Management and Performance Evaluation liability company-wide asset-liability management in the enterprise annuity on training and preparation for data preparation, as well as the preparation of Tyco pension.

教育背景2002/09-2003/12 荷兰马斯特里赫特大学社会保障硕士1989/09-1993/07 中国人民大学经济学学士专业证照FRM 中国证券协会执业证书目前待遇基本工资：人民币 530，004/年＝ 44，167 /月×全年固定12月工作经历2007/07-至今合众人寿北京总公司风险合规管理部/总经理公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员北京汇报对象：公司CRO工作内容：经济资本管理资产负债管理全面风险管理合规管理投资风险管理投资绩效评估管理公司法律事务公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员，参与养老金公司和资产管理公司筹建。2003/11-2007/06 泰康人寿北京总公司风险管理部/经理北京汇报对象：部门负责人工作内容：计量市场风险经济资本和信用风险经济资本整合整个公司旳经济资本，包括保险风险经济资本和业务风险经济资本内部控制和操作风险的管理各种风险的分析以及资产负债管理研究资本管理和资本配置风险管理和绩效评估负债整个公司资产负债管理参与企业年金的关于培训和筹备资料准备以及泰康养老金筹建。

The first part is the sum of expected losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk. The risk of losses in the part should be prevented by reserve for bad debts accrued by commercial banks. The second part is the sum of contingent losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk at certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by capital at risk. The third part is the sum of losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk that beyond certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by deposit insurance system.

第一部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险的期望损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身提取的损失准备金来防范；第二部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险在一定置信水平下的意外损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身的风险资本来防范；第三部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险超出一定置信水平外的损失之和，该部分损失的风险用存款保险制度来防范。

The problems on risk management through capital allocation for commercial banks are converted into the respective research on appraisal methods to reserve for bad debts and capital at risk arising from credit risk, market risk and operating risk within the framework of a unified risk management model of capital allocation.

有了统一的资本配置风险管理模型后，商业银行的资本配置风险管理问题就转化为分别研究信用风险、市场风险和操作风险的损失准备金和风险资本估计方法。

Aiming for the investment system and the principle of capital formation, this article discusses the developing direction of the capital system and the drawback of the system nowadays with reference of national conditions, and believes that it need a process to transform the company capital system and that abasing the capital volume and multiplying the investment form is a irreversible trend.

针对出资制度和公司资本形成制度两方面论述资本制度改革的发展方向，以资产信用制度为笔者观点和中心理念，结合我国国情论述现今制度所带来的弊端，认为改变公司资本制度需要一个的过程，降低资本额的尺度和出资多元化发展趋势。

Aiming for the investment system and the principle of capital formation, this article discusses the developing direction of the capital system and the drawback of the system nowadays with reference of national conditions, and believes that it need a process to transform the company capital system and that abasing the capital volume and multiplying the investment form is a irreversible trend.

本文针对出资制度和公司资本形成制度两方面www.sSbbww.com论述资本制度改革的发展方向，以资产信用制度为笔者观点和中心理念，结合我国国情论述现今制度所带来的弊端，认为改变公司资本制度需要 sSbBwW.cOm 一个的过程，降低资本额的尺度和出资多元化发展趋势。

With the help of the theoretical resources of the theory of "consumer society" and the distinction between "the true needs"/"false needs", this paper tries to show that Marx's discussion of the civilizing tendencies of the capital and the limits latent within them inspires us to see that the civilizing tendencies revitalized in the form of consumer society are perhaps actually new forms of "barbarizing tendencies" of the capital, and only through combining itself with socialism can market economy overcome the tendency of its self-destruction.

二十世纪前期以来，消费主义文化，连同确定公民最低消费水平和增加政府公共开支的福利国家，参与有关工资的集体谈判或集体博弈的行业工会，帮助人们用明天甚至后天的钱来兑现当下的消费欲望的信用手段等等新制度新工具，被资本用来相当成功地克服其曾经被认为无法克服的生产过剩这个内在限制。但如果我们考虑到&需要&有真假之分这个问题的话，马克思关于资本&文明化趋势&及其内在限制的论述则提示我们，以消费社会形式重新获得活力的资本的&文明化&趋势，有可能隐藏着一种新形式的&野蛮化&趋势；市场经济或许只有与社会主义相结合，才不至于最终走向自我毁灭。关键词：资本，文明化趋势，限制，消费社会

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。