资本主义

Data of main basis chorography, it is central research to make clear with cotton textile, compare with posture of other capitalist country, the development road of latter-day China capitalism has the distinguishing feature of its oneself.

主要依据地方志资料，以棉纺织业为中心的研究表明，与其他资本主义国家相比较，近代中国资本主义的发展道路有其自身的特色。

From the first chapter to the forth chapter, it summarizes four France capitalistic ideas on equality: the idealistic equality, the empirical equality, the systematized equality, and the singular equality. Then, it can be explored minutely from representative character, advance presupposition, doctrinal content, objective state, practical counterpoint, institutional embodiment, the tend of practice, theory extending and so on. In the fifth chapter, it researches into their contradiction and contestation between the four equalities, indicates their class-conscious essence, and tries to find out a direction to sole these questions. In the sixth chapter, as the intrinsic tendency of soling these deep-seated contradictions of the four equalities, the paper traces the process of France communism from chimerical idea to scientific theory, so that it can point out a gospel: the scientific socialism is the one and only way to surmount these embarrassments of capitalistic theories on equality. At the last chapter, according to our reviews about theories of equality during the hundred years in France, it can conclude some political apocalypse from our history. Owning the wisdom, we could choose our road to the equality, by using these experiences in the west political histories.

第一章到第四章，总结了带有法国资本主义特征的四种平等思想：法国理想平等观、法国经验平等观、法国体系平等观和法国单元平等观，并在代表人物、前提预设、学说内容、目标状态、现实对应、制度体现及其实践倾向和理论扩展等方面进行细致化地考察；第五章，探析四种平等观之间的内在矛盾和论争，指出其学说的阶级本质，同时试图探寻解决问题的方向；第六章，作为解决以上四种平等观之间深层矛盾的内在趋向，文章考察了法国共产主义平等思想由空想向科学的发展，进而指出只有科学社会主义才能走出资本主义平等理论的泥沼；在文章的最后，本文依据对法国百年平等思想史的考察，总结出历史所带给我们的政治启示，以使我们用西方政治的历史经验来选择我们自己的平等之路！

The industry hollowing out effect is a proper phenomenon of capitalism country, Japan, as one of them, will experience this period consequentially.

综上所述，我们会知道产业空心化是资本主义国家特有的经济现象，日本作为一个发达的资本主义国家是必然要经历产业空心化的。

He talked to me about the need for a moral element to capitalism and said that the crony capitalism of recent years should be the nightmare of any market-loving economist.

他曾跟我提到过，需要在资本主义中注入道德元素，并且他还指出，对那些热爱市场的经济学家们来说，近年来的裙带资本主义应该成为一场噩梦。

"Culpa in contrahendo" in civil law system started in the transition from freedom capitalism to monopoly capitalism.

大陆法系的缔约过失兴起于自由资本主义向垄断资本主义过渡的时期。

All of these hadsurpassed the Slav trend of thought who only simply favored itsown specific property and would rather go back to the formerRussian era they would cultivate the most excellent ideas ofmankind in the episode to the society itself the purposeinvented in a new way in fast was the performance of thethought of going Russia's special road in the new period ofPlekhanov took the opinion that Russia had been on the way tocapitalism and it was not realistic to talk about surpassing itand then held doctrinally that Russia had not yet possessedthe factors of realizing the socialist revolution.

民粹主义这种本质上主张走俄罗斯独特道路的认识，是要把西方最先进的理想即社会主义理想与自身的优势村社这一基础结合起来，在资本主义已产生于西方而又暴露其弊病的情况下，使俄罗斯走出一条不同于西方模式的跨越资本主义之路。

If enforced both promptly and evenhandedly, strong antitrust laws will mark a step towards competitive capitalism, rather than crony capitalism, in both countries.

如果能迅速、公平地得到执行，强有力的反垄断法会使两国向自由竞争的资本主义而非裙带资本主义(crony capitalism前进一步。

In philosophy,equilibrium was criticized as mechanical materialism or externalism in the past .

平衡论曾经在政治上被批判为"保护富农的政策"，布哈林也被当作"资本主义的卫道士"而受到批判，本文通过理论阐述，得出结论，平衡论所指出的道路并不是向资本主义投降，而是一条不同于斯大林经济发展模式的路线。

President Lin Chun-shin pointed out that this contention evoked academic disputes because the book adopted inappropriate basic documents and division of historical periods. Besides, there was a lack of foreign comparison and precise definition. Individualism was not uniquely from England. The author should have ulterior motives for discussing individualism with the inclusion of all behaviors of "free tenants." For example, he intended to relate individualism to capitalism. As a matter of fact, capitalism is only a system stressing that the function of "capital" is to shape an efficient society. The said society, whether it upholds individualism or the familism, or adopts other polity, could function just the same.

林俊兴董事长表示，由於本书采用的基础文献与历史分期并不适切，又缺乏对外比较与准确定义，所以其论述颇有学术争议；个人主义并非英格兰特有，作者将「自由佃户」的行为都归类为个人主义来论述，应有其他动机，例如想衍生出个人主义与资本主义间的议题；但事实上资本主义仅是一种制度，强调的是「资本」的作用形塑出更有效率的社会，至於该社会崇尚个人还是家族主义，或是采行不同的政体皆可运行。

After appearing of capitalistic production relation, the contradiction of both sides had been inevitable between capitalism and feudalization.

在资本主义生产关系出现后，城市和封建主的矛盾已经成为资本主义与封建制度之间不可调和的矛盾。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！