资产现值

In this article,we focus on the equity valuation.income approach as one of basic methods of asset valuation,which results is the present price of the company's future earnings.as one of major parameters in income present value model,the discount rate has great influence on the final results of the assessment.

收益法作为资产评估的基本方法之一，其结果反映的是资产创造的未来收益在现时的价格。而折现率作为收益现值法模型中的重要参数，其确定对评估结果的公允性有很大影响。

It shows the classes and the definiens ofthe intangible assets .The appraisal methods play the role and itslocalization in appraisal works. It chiefly introduces the applicationof the present return value in evaluating the series of prescriptionsin a hospital.

在这一部分，介绍了无形资产的分类、概念，基本的评估方法及各种方法在评估无形资产中的作用和局限性；重点介绍了收益现值法在评估我省某一医院的一系列中药方中的应用，由于此系列药方应用情况不同，在评估中采用的方法也不尽相同，给评估造成一定的难度。

The leased assets are usually valued at the present value of future cash flows generated from the assets.

租赁资产通常是以来自于该资产的未来现金流的现值来计量的。

Under uncertainty which the enterprise asset value follows an exogenous stochastic differential equation, total value of the enterprise equals to asset value added to present value of tax sheltering about coupons, minus present value of bankruptcy costs.

在企业资产价值由一个随机微分方程来描述的不确定环境下，企业总价值等于企业资产价值加上债务息票支付的免税现值减去破产成本的现值，而息票支付的免税现值与破产成本的现值均为企业资产价值的未定相机权益，并依赖企业内生破产时资产价值。

Therefore, it can be regarded as a great improvement of the investment decision-making theory and methods .This article makes a systematic research on real options theory and method and its application, including the following several main aspects:Firstly, it makes a detailed discussion about the common theoretical basis of financial options and real options, including no-arbitrage equilibrium principle, risk-neutral definition, complete market and dynamic tracking.Secondly, it analyze three basic characteristic of investment decision-making in modern market economic system: irreversibility, uncertainty and flexibility, and from the angle of their mutual quantitative and qualitative interactions, it makes a comparison between the traditional NPV methods and real options methods and makes a summary of the general analytical methods of real options.Thirdly, it discusses the all elements in the application of real options such as the ^leakages in value of real assets, basis risk, and private risk, and furthermore, it attempts to put forth a normalized strategy of its application and construct a basic framework of its application.Fourthly, it applies real options theory to strategetic investment of enterprises and the buy-out of company, putting forth a value model for strategetic investment program and making a concrete analysis of its application to buy-out. Furthermore, it advocates that a flexible investment decision-making system should be setup according to real options theory in our country.

本文对实物期权理论和方法及其应用进行了系统研究，主要内容包括如下几个方面：(1)详细讨论了金融期权和实物期权共同的理论基础，主要包括无套利均衡原理、风险中性定义、完全市场以及动态复制方法，对这些理论方法的探讨既是本文的出发点和基础，它们提供了研究实际应用实物期权的一个基准点，也是贯穿全文的线索和灵魂；(2)分析了现代市场经济体系中投资决策的三个基本特征即不可逆性、不确定性和时机选择，并从它们数量上和质量上相互作用的重要意义的角度，分析了传统的净现值法与实物期权方法的差异，指出了净现值法在不确定环境中存在的缺陷及实物期权处理投资灵活性的价值，并将净现值法纳入实物期权投资分析决策体系当中，总结了企业投资决策实物期权的一般分析方法；(3)探讨了实物期权应用中要考虑的各种要素，如实物资产的价值漏损、基差风险和非市场风险等，并进一步提出了实物期权应用的规范化策略和构建了一个实际应用实物期权方法的基本框架，尝试将期权的基本原理与企业在现实经济环境中投资决策的要素结合起来，从而可以在一定程度上超越期权的复杂的数学计算而汲取期权思想的精华，从而促进期权决策方法在实际投资决策中的应用；(4)将实物期权方法应用于企业战略投资，得出了战略投资项目的价值模型，指出可以将实物期权理论和方法应用于企业并购，分析了应用的具体方面，并提出应根据实物期权理论建立一套适合我国企业的灵活的投资决策系统。

Researching the hospital"s tangible assets, we choused 6 ways of estimating the assets, including the AHP, DEA and so on. Researching the hospital"s incorporeal asset, we choused 5 ways of estimating the asset, including the market method, the cost-reset method, the whole-estimate method and so on.

对军队有形资产的研究中，选取了6种常用的评价方法，包括AHP、Gini-Style法、专家咨询法、统计学描述性分析法、DEA、标准测量法；而在军队无形资产评估中使用了重置成本法、市场法以及收益现值法等。

This paper studies different oil and gas resource assets valuating method in detail by means of comparatively-analysis, synthesis-conclude and deduction-illation.

本文针对原收益现值模型的不足之处，借助技术经济学和数学的方法建立了&油气储量资产价值评估的改进收益现值模型&。

Article 14 Where the expected future cash flow of an asset involves any foreign currency, the current value of the asset shall, on the basis of the settlement currency of the future cash flow to be generated by the asset, be calculated with a discount rate applicable to this currency.

第十四条预计资产的未来现金流量涉及外币的，应当以该资产所产生的未来现金流量的结算货币为基础，按照该货币适用的折现率计算资产的现值

We think that recognition criteria of impaired assets are combination of two-dimensional plane of the probable recognition criterion and the economic recognition criterion, while the permanent recognition criterion is a special case in which its probability is near 100 percent.

资产减值会计极大地增强了相关性，其最大的缺陷是有所削弱可靠性，但这种所失是以提高相关性为前提的，资产减值会计必须在二者之间作出抉择；资产减值会计是在现有条件和环境下对历史成本模式的改良，是现值会计模式一定条件下的提前运用；它突破了收益确定中的实现原则；是稳健原则在资产领域重要而具体的、系统的运用。

Article 7When either of the net amount of the fair value of an asset minus the disposal expenses or the current value of the expected future cash flow of the asset exceeds the carrying value of the asset, it shows that no asset impairment has occurred, and it does not need to estimate another amount of the asset.

第七条资产的公允价值减去处置费用后的净额与资产预计未来现金流量的现值，只要有一项超过了资产的账面价值，就表明资产没有发生减值，不需再估计另一项金额。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。