贿赂

To achieve this end, anti-commercial bribery regulations by companies can play an important role, as exemplified by a famous labour dispute between DPC Co., Ltd. and its employee. Discussion on the primary content of anti-commercial bribery regulations by companies was carried out.

通过天津德普诊断产品有限公司与其员工因商业贿赂而发生的劳资纠纷案，说明公司制定内部的规章制度在反商业贿赂中的重要作用，并首次系统地提出公司反商业贿赂规章制度应包含的主要内容。

Proceeding with the criminal structure , the writer discusses several basic fields of bribery , such as the main body , theobject , the content and area of boodle ," exploiting official advantage "," seeking interest for other persons " and so on . form this , the writer also analyses the characteristic of main body , the accomplice of bribery , the principle of mastering the area of bribery and raise some new points about the object of bribery , the time divergence of main body , the connotation of boodle and interest

本文从受贿罪的犯罪构成入手，对受贿罪的主体、受贿罪的客体、贿赂的内容与范围、"利用职务上的便利"和"为他人谋取利益"几个基本层面进行了研讨，重点分析了受贿罪主体的特性、受贿罪的共犯、掌握贿赂范围的原则、"利用职务上的便利"和"为他人谋取利益"的认定等内容，在受贿罪客体的科学表述、贿赂的界定和"利益"的内涵中提出了自己一些新的认识。

the vouchers that have market price and are consumed by the bribee should be included in the amount of commercial bribery. the definition of free travel as commercial bribery doesn't mean all related cost is included in the amount of commercial bribery. sexual bribery that implies power and money should be defined as commercial bribery.

具有市场价格且受贿人实际取得价值的礼券应当计入商业贿赂犯罪数额；将免费旅游界定为商业贿赂，并非意味着与免费旅游相关的费用一概认定为商业贿赂数额；应将以金钱为背景、体现贿赂犯罪权钱关系的性贿赂认定为商业贿赂。

The business hush money is a kind of form of hush money, but differs from other hush money forms again.

商业贿赂是贿赂的一种形式，但又不同于其他贿赂形式。

In the second part, the writer will overview the historical process of criminal legislation on commercial bribery crimes in China since 1949 ,recommending specific accusations of commercial bribery crimes in current Chinese criminal law and international legislative models of commercial bribery crimes and relevant regulations of international legal documents. Moreover, she will point out current defects and inadequateness of criminal legislation of commercial bribery as far as crime institution, crime subjects, objects of criminal behavior are concerned.

第二部分：介绍了建国以来我国有关商业贿赂犯罪刑事立法发展的历史过程，目前我国刑法中关于商业贿赂犯罪的具体罪名及世界各国对商业贿赂犯罪的主要立法模式和国际法律文件的相关规定；通过与《联合国反腐败公约》中有关商业贿赂犯罪的规定相比较，指出我国现有的商业贿赂犯罪立法在罪名设置、犯罪主体、犯罪行为对象等方面存在的不足。

Commercial bribery as a means becomes complicated with the development of China"s market economy. There are many points of contention in Chinese law about the definition of commercial bribery. It results in great incertitude towards the China"s management of commercial bribery, which weakened the force of law enforcement.

但同时也暴露了问题，商业贿赂的手段随着我国市场经济的发展而变得纷繁复杂，我国法律对于商业贿赂的认定却还存在很多争议点，这为我国治理商业贿赂带来了很大的不确定性，从而减弱了执法的力度。

This thesis study from the legislative evolution of our countries" death penalty application and the criminal punishment of bribery and corruption that our country"s Taiwan, think that the application of death penalty of our country"s bribery and corruption crime violate the principle of suiting punishment to crime, principle of equity have a deterrent effect to corruption, it is difficult to achieve the aim of criminal punishment totally not accord with the voice of the people of our country and legislative trend of death penalty development of international community. It is a request based on China"s current death policy to abolish death penalty application, the ear of protecting human rights the base of allow capital punishment "equitably" and on the base of ensuring international criminal judicial cooperation, and put forward the method of abolish the capital punishment suability, which should be break though

本论文从研究我国贪污贿赂犯罪死刑适用的立法沿革及国外和我国台湾地区对贪污贿赂犯罪的刑罚规定着手，认为我国贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用违反了罪责刑相适应原则和人人平等原则、对反腐无有效的威慑力，难以达到刑罚的目的、不完全符合我国民众的呼声及国际社会死刑发展的立法趋势，废除其死刑适用是基于中国现行死刑政策的要求、基于保障人权的时代需要、基于合理配置死刑的需要及基于国际刑事司法合作的需要，并提出了废止贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用的途径宜从民意、政治、法律、经济等四个方面同时进行突破，然后在此基础上笔者提出与上述问题相适应的完善贪污贿赂犯罪刑事立法与加强司法的构想，主张在立法上增设罚金刑、完善资格刑的内容、加重自由刑的适用、提高数额特别巨大的认定标准及调整量刑幅度等；在司法上坚持刑罚的必然性和及时性、提高对贪污贿赂犯罪的追究率、加大对贪污贿赂犯罪财产刑的处罚等。

After opening-up,our country has got access to the market economy.The fast development of ec economy accelerates the confrontations of multi-parties,and there appear lots of commercial briberies and also to the extent of seriousness.The General Party Secretary,Mr Hu Jingtao,pointed out in 2005"It is a basic requirement to maintian the market order by strongly punishing the commercial briberies and it iw also an important content in anti-corruption".

自改革开放以来，我国逐步进入社会主义市场经济建设，经济发展突飞猛进，各方利益冲突加剧，商业贿赂行为日渐增多，该类犯罪也表现得较为突出，胡锦涛总书记在2005年就指出：&坚决治理商业贿赂是维护市场经济秩序的必然要求，是反对腐败的重要内容&，中共中央也部属治理商业贿赂专项工作。

The Anglo-Australian miner has fired the employees who had taken bungs from Chinese steel companies wanting preferential terms for buying Rio's iron ore.

力拓并非首家面临贿赂问题的西方跨国企业。这家英澳矿企已解雇了这几名接受了中资钢铁公司贿赂的雇员，那些钢铁公司贿赂他们是想以优惠价购买铁矿石。

Along with market competition day by day intense, the commercial bribe gradually becomes one kind to be main not right competes the method, spreads all the various trades and occupations, in some domains, the commercial bribe even already the evolution was one kind "dives the rule", thus seriously destroys the economic order, corrodes the cadre troop, gnashes one's teeth in hatred the social environmental damage for the broad masses, the utilization party discipline, the legal method effective sanction commercial bribe behavior, maintains the party the image, the safeguard economical health development, is extremely essential and urgent.

随着市场竞争日趋激烈，商业贿赂逐渐成为一种主要的不正当竞争手段，蔓延到各行各业，在有些领域，商业贿赂甚至已经演变为一种&潜规则&，从而严重破坏经济秩序，腐蚀干部队伍，为广大人民群众切齿痛恨的社会公害，运用党纪、法律手段有效制裁商业贿赂行为，维护党的形象，保障经济健康发展，是非常必要和迫切的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。