费尔巴哈

The second is to correctly find out the composition of the soical quality, and it lacks generality and logicality to regard thoughts, languages, reason, and conscious active ability as the basic human essence, which consists of labor and consciousness.

三要正确认识马克思关于人的本质是一切社会关系总和的著名论断，是针对并批判费尔巴哈脱离社会关系的抽象人性论，旨在强调人的本质是由现实、具体的社会关系决定并由一定的社会关系体现的，而并非说人的本质属性即指社会关系本身

Feuerbach called his new philosophy the"openhearted perceptible philosophy".

费尔巴哈把自己的新哲学称之为"光明正大的感性哲学"。

Feuerbach, not satisfied with abstract thinking, wants contemplation; but he does not conceive sensuousness as practical, human-sensuous activity.

费尔巴哈并不满足于抽象的思考，而想要诉诸于感性的直观；但是他并不把感性的当做实践的人类感性的活动。

V Feuerbach, not satisfied with abstract thinking, wants contemplation; but he does not conceive sensuousness as practical, human-sensuous activity.

费尔巴哈并不满足于抽象的思考，而想要诉诸于感性的直观；但是他并不把感性的当做实践的人类感性的活动。

The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism is that the thing, reality, sensuousness , is conceived only in the form of the _object or of contemplation_, but not as _ sensuous human activity, practice_, not subjectively.

迄今为止包括费尔巴哈在内的现存的唯物主义的主要缺点在于对于事物，现实和感性只是从客体或者直观的形式去理解，而不是把它们当作人的感性的活动，当作实践去理解，不是从主观去理解。

The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism that of Feuerbach included is that the thing, reality, sensuousness, is conceived only in the form of the object or of contemplation, but not as sensuous human activity, practice, not subjectively. Hence, in contradistinction to materialism, the active side was developed abstractly by idealism which, of course, does not know real, sensuous activity as such.

从前的一切唯物主义——包括费尔巴哈的唯物主义——的主要缺点是：对对象，现实，感性，只是从客体或者直观的形式去理解，而不是把他们当作人的感性活动，当作实践去理解，不是从主体方面去理解，因此，结果竟是这样，和唯物主义相反，唯心主义却发展了能动的方面，但只是抽象地发展了，因为唯心主义当然是不知道真正现实的，感性的活动本身的。

Feuerbach was followed by Vogt and Moleschott.

费尔巴哈其次是vogt和莫勒斯霍特。

Marxian philosophy is not dialectic materialism based on the ontology of hylicism.

这是笔者在解读《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》时最常涌现出来的问题。

In recent centuries, there are three viewpoints on the argument about how Feuerbach affected Marx. They are "the equation theory","the irrelevancy theory" and "the link theory".

综观近百年来关于费尔巴哈对马克思影响的争论，大体可以归结为&等同论&、&无关论&、&环节论&三种观点。

It is not proper understanding of Marx's Theses on Feuerbach to define the essence of manas the ensemble of the social relations, and to hold that this definition is only Marx's opinion.

把人的本质界定为&社会关系的总和&，并认定这只是马克思的观点，这并非是对马克思的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》的准确解读。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。