贸易

The complementary effect is much more notable than the substitution effect between FDI and trade. There exists stupendously consistency between FDI and trade in all the provinces. Two-way causality between the export of end products and FDI exists. Though FDI promotes the import of end products in the long run, it has substitution effect in the short run. In the short run, FDI has forward impacts on trade.

文章得到以下结果：中国对外贸易与FDI之间的互补作用远大於替代作用，各省市FDI与贸易之间的关系存在著惊人的一致性；FDI与制成品的出口具有双向的因果关系；虽然长期中FDI对制成品的进口具有促进作用，但短期中FDI对制成品的进口具有替代效应；FDI对贸易的短期影响具有滞后性，滞后三期的效果最为显著。

The business revival offered a broad market to the trade. The countries in northwest Europe were relatively lagged and were located in the marginal or submarginal areas of the division of the European market, Byzantine Empire appeared to be fading and faced the interior as well as the exterior circumstances and all these elements gave a upstanding chance to the development of the carrying trade in Italy.

西欧的商业复兴为海外贸易的发展提供了广阔的市场；西北欧国家发展相对滞后并且处于欧洲市场分工的边缘或半边缘地区；拜占庭帝国开始衰落且处于内外交困的境地等，这些都为意大利发展海外贸易提供了良好的机遇。

This tiny, sun-baked patch of sand in the midst of a war-torn and isolated region started with few advantages other than a long tradition as a hub for Middle Eastern trade routes.

这个在战乱和孤立中的小小的骄阳似火的沙漠之国，除了曾经是中东贸易商路的一个贸易中心之外，鲜有其他什么优势。

I cannot recall a situation where the effects of unfair foreign trade had a greater or a more immediate impact on a domestic industry or posed a more substantial long-term threat,' John Surma, the chief executive officer of U.S. Steel, told the commission a few weeks ago.

美国钢铁公司首席执行长祖尔马几周前对美国国际贸易委员会说，我想不起还有哪起不公正的海外贸易给国内产业带来更大、更迅速的影响或带来更严重的长期影响了。

The party's trade surplus is the net profit into the money; But the trade deficit side, it is the net pay the money.

而贸易顺差的一方，就是净赚进了钱；而贸易逆差的一方，则是净付出了钱。

It is the lightening rod in the US protectionist debate and is also key in driving the massive build-up of China's trade surplus and foreign exchange reserves.

它是美国贸易保护主义者攻击的焦点，也是中国巨额贸易盈余和外汇储备的关键。

Charged Washington today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its l5 percent surtax on imports.

美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控，华盛顿破坏了贸易协定的原则，对进口商品征收15％的附加税。

America 's trading partners in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formally charged Washington today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its 15 percent surtax on imports.

美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控华盛顿破坏了贸易总协定的原则，对进口商品增收了15%的附加税。

America's trading partners in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formally charged Washington today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its 15 percent surtax on imports .

美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控，华盛顿破坏了贸易协定的原则，对进口商品征收 15 ％的附加税。

America's trading partners in the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Tradeformallycharged Washington today with violating the rules of the trading agreement with its l5 percent surtax on imports.

美国在关贸总协定的贸易伙伴今天正式指控，华盛顿破坏了贸易协定的原则，对进口商品征收15％的附加税。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。