贵族政治的

Valencia, 10 July 1099, known as El Cid Campeador, was a Castilian nobleman, then military and political leader who conquered and governed the city of Valencia.

罗德里戈迪亚斯德vivar （ vivar长： 23701044 -巴伦西亚， 1099年7月10日），被称为下午的CID campeador ，是一个castilian贵族，那么，军事和政治领导者，征服和统治城市巴伦西亚。

The effect of the political maxim, Plebs Gentem non habet,"a Plebeia cannot be a member of a House," was entirely to exclude the Plebeians from the Comitia Curiata.

当时有一条政治格言，即"一个平民不能成为一个大氏族的成员"，其结果是把"平民"完全排斥在"贵族民会"之外。

There is a direct inheritance between Guicciardini and republican ideals of classical republicanism and former civic humanists, and even the scholasticism has a huge impact on his political thoughts.

圭氏的政治思想共包含四个部分：首先是其贵族共和主义和精英政治思想；其次，他提出了完整的政府体制构想；再次是现实主义的政治观；第四是世俗的政治生活观。

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

Thirdly, The resisting monarchy of aristocracies was an important factor in the making of limited monarchy of England; The relationship of the primitive contract which was connected with mutual rights and obligations between monarchy and aristocracies was the foundation of the limited monarchy of England.

第三，贵族对王权的抵抗是英国有限王权形成的重要因素；以相互间的权利与义务将王权与贵族联系起来的原始契约关系，是英国有限王权的政治基础；《大宪章》是贵族抵抗王权的纲领性文件。

Democracy is a form of politics different from monarchy and oligarchy.

民主是作为一种有别于君主独裁和贵族寡头统治而存在的政治方式。

And their school education systems were " official study ". The main targets were for the children of the aristocracies and the contents were mainly " Six Arts " and ethics which were closely related to the political activities, so their educational objectives were to develop students' po litical talents and make them to be officials.

夏商周三代学校的教育制度是&学在官府&，其教育对象主要为贵族子弟，其教育内容主要是和政治活动密切相关的&六艺&和道德等，这也就决定了其教育目标是培养政治人才的。

Gradually deprived of kingship and political power of aristocracy, but, in order to appease the opposition and the aristocratic class Crown, as an exchange, since the 15th century to the French Revolution, has been growing tax-free privileges.

王权逐渐剥夺了贵族的政治权力，但是，为了安抚与王权对立的贵族阶级，作为一种交换，自15世纪到法国革命，免税特权一直不断增长。

There are some Hanren coming under the empire's ruling at the beginning of Liao'establishment and most of them became slaves who belong to Ch'i-tan royalty and nobilities. By relying on the special relationship of the Ch'i-tan royalty and nobilities, upper-layered Hanren were treated as a part of the political group in Ch'i-tan nation. And they got trusts in politics, getting the same even beyond the common Ch'i-tan nobilities'social position.

于辽帝国草创之际入辽的汉人，多数都成为契丹皇室和高级贵族的私属，但其中的部分上层分子凭借着其与皇室和高级贵族的特殊关系，被辽初的统治者视为本族政治集团的有机构成部分，于是在政治上受到信任，取得了等同于甚至超越于一般契丹贵族的社会地位。

We now need our own Magna Carta to teach our citizens the inalienable rights we have vis-a-vis the aristocrats; those that transformed themselves from the commoners to power-elites – through the huge machinery of money, media, and mental maneuverings and meanderings of the messages we created as the medium.

我们需要自家版本的&大宪章&来教导公民—相对于贵族，我们也拥有着不可剥夺的权力。这里的&贵族&，是指那些透过金钱和媒体的庞大机制，并以欺诈和被曲折的讯息作为工具，从平民阶级爬到政治菁英阶级的人。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。