购买力

The two authors define the middle class abstemiously, as those who spend $2-10 a day, measured in 1993 purchasing-power-parity dollars.

两位作者发现这些中产阶层非常节俭，因为对比1993年美元购买力平价，他们每天生活仅仅花费2-10美元。

If everyone decided, for example, to convert all his bank deposits to silver or copper or any other good, and thereafter declined to accept checks as payment for goods, bank deposits would lose their purchasing power and government-created bank credit would be worthless as a claim on goods.

如果大家决定，举例来说，转换他的所有银行存款，以银或铜或任何其他良好，并在其后拒绝接受检查，作为付款的货物，银行存款将失去他们的购买力和政府建立银行信贷将变得毫无价值，作为索赔的货物。

However, the price rise must be commensurate with China's purchasing power as measured by its wages.

但是，这些商品的价格上升幅度必须于中国的购买力相匹配，中国的购买力一般由其工资水平来衡量。

PPP audio ads will be contextually related to the text content of any web page where the PPP code is placed.

按购买力平价音频广告将内容相关的文字内容的任何网页上的购买力平价的代码置于。

Therefore, the purchasing power of group purchasing power of the market is not a real sense.

因此，集团购买力不是真正意义上的市场购买力。

In general,(1) price fixing and rationing regulations were ended too soon, before the output of peacetime goods had risen to a level high enough to absorb the accumulated purchasing power in the hands of consumers from their efforts in war production; thus, the slowness of reconversion from war production to peace production caused a short supply at a time of high demand;(2) the Allied exchanges, which had been controlled during the war, were unpegged in March 1919 and at once fell to levels revealing the great price disequilibrium between countries;(3) purchasing power held back during the war suddenly came into the market;(4) there was an expansion of bank credit because of postwar optimism;(5) budgets remained out of balance because of reconstruction requirements, reparations, demobilization expenses (as in the United States, Italy, and so on); and (6) production of peacetime goods was disrupted by revolutions (as in Hungary, Russia, and so on) or strikes (as in the United States, Italy, France, and so on).

一般而言（1）固定价格和配给的管理机制结束太早，和平时期商品的产量尚未上升到足以吸纳消费者们在军工生产中聚积在手中的购买力，这样，战时生产转换到和平时期生产的缓慢过程中，在一段时间内，产生了供给不足而需求旺盛。（2）战争期间，盟国的外汇兑换曾被人为控制，1919年3月，管制解除，一时之间，国家之间价格的失衡就显现出来。（3）战争期间被抑制的购买力突然涌入市场。（4）战后，乐观主义抬头，银行信贷扩张。（5）因为重建家园的需求、战争赔款、裁军花费，预算始终不能平衡。（6）和平时期商品的生产不断被革命或罢工（如美国、意大利、法国等等）所扰乱。

The economist Menzie Chinn, using purchasing power parity exchange rates, reckoned the renminbi's undervaluation to be 40%. But, after the World Bank revised China's GDP in PPP terms downward by 40%, that undervaluation disappeared. Nick Lardy and Morris Goldstein suggest that the renminbi was probably undervalued only by 12-16% at the end of 2008. And Yang Yao of Beijing University has put the misalignment at less than 10%.

经济学家陈庚辛基于购买力平价的计算显示，人民币汇率被低估40%，但如果考虑世行用购买力平价对中国GDP的调整，高估的40%几乎全部抹平；拉迪和戈德斯坦的结论是人民币被低估12%~16%（截至2008年底）；北京大学姚洋的计算显示只有不到10%。

In economics, purchasing power parity is an estimate of the exchange rate required to equalise the purchasing power of different currencies, given the prices of goods and services in the countries concerned.

在经济学中，购买力平价是一种汇率的估算，这种汇率被用来均衡不同货币之间的购买力，在关联的那些国家的假定的货品和服务的价值基础上。

Most of the high housing prices and low-income residents, such a tremendous contrast, most countries do not have the phenomenon.

最后，造成房屋高价格的购买力，不是真实的购买力，一定程度上是炒作催生的购买力。

Well-informed analysts know that PPP calculations are a poor measure of a country's potential military base, but with the corrected China PPP statistics, the whole question is moot.

在充分了解情况分析家知道，按购买力平价计算是一个贫穷是衡量一个国家的潜在基地，但随着更正中国购买力平价统计，在整个问题，是颇具争议。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。