质的

The concept of chromatin and chemic compose; chromatin proteins; the essential about the structure of nucleosome; euchromatin and heterochromatin.

二 染色质的概念及化学组成；染色质蛋白质；核小体结构要点；染色质包装的结构模型；常染色质和异染色质。

The concept and function of Cytoplasmic Matrix;the relation between cytoplasmic and Cytosol.

一 细胞质基质的涵义；细胞质基质的功能；细胞质基质与胞质溶胶的关系。

Shandong saves industrial and commercial bureau to depend on " matter right law " 226 regulations, took the lead in publishing company equity to go out to register temporary measure character in the whole nation, formulary blame appears on the market the company goes with equity qualitative, should give qualitative person and pawnee to conclude only written contract, can deal with to door of The Ministry of Commerce and Industry go out to be registered character, and door of The Ministry of Commerce and Industry also can pass equity change to register master a qualitative equity circumstance.

山东省工商局依《物权法》226条规定，率先在全国出台了公司股权出质登记暂行办法，规定非上市公司以股权出质的，只要出质人和质权人订立书面合同，可以到工商部门办理出质登记，而工商部门也可以通过股权变更登记掌握出质股权情况。

Results The percentage of special diathesis type increased in the group with positive family history of keloid. The percentage of wet-heat or blood-stasis and special diathesis type increased respectively in the group with keloid on the chest and submaxilla area or on the limbs; The percentage of wet-heat type increased in the group with conspicuous inflamed keloid; The percentage of wet-heat or phlegm-wetness type increased respectively in the group with acne correlated keloid or acne uncorrelated keloid.

结果：瘢痕疙瘩有家族史者偏颇为特禀质的百分比增加；胸部、下颌部受累者偏颇为湿热质的百分比增加，四肢部受累者偏颇为瘀血质、特禀质的百分比增加；炎症明显者偏颇为湿热质的百分比增加；与痤疮相关者偏颇为湿热质的百分比增加，与痤疮不相关者偏颇为痰湿质的百分比增加。

With the ordinal addition of dispersed clay particles,oil drops,conducting matrix grains,laminated shale to water and successive integration over the addition of a single inclusion,generalized matrix-conducting pore combination model in laminated and dispersed shaly sands is established.

通过两组分散泥质砂岩岩样实验测量数据和一组层状泥质砂岩测井资料及实际测井资料的计算，表明本文给出的电阻率模型既适用于分散泥质砂岩地层解释又适用于层状泥质砂岩地层解释，同时，还适用于含有分散粘土和层状泥质的混合泥质砂岩地层解释。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Morphologically, the macrophages treated with NO and O-LDL presented shrinkage, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasm condensation; DNA ladder was visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis; Characteristic apoptosis peak of macrophages was showed by flow cytometry; Ultrastructure, The chromatin condensed and marginated to form dense chromatin fragmentation; The cytoplasm concentrated and vacuolized; The lysosomes and mitochondria of apoptosis macrophages increased clearly.

电镜观察超微结构变化：染色质固缩边聚，形成致密、均质的染色质块，胞质浓缩、电子密度升高并空泡化；凋亡巨噬细胞溶酶体、线粒体增多；细胞突起缩短减少，但巨噬细胞特有的板状伪足不消失。

On the termination date, the cultured explants were all examined by Western blot, HE and transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that after 12-days in culture, the cultivation treated with AS-ODN reduced the synthesis of AMBN and had a deformed dental cusp with thinner enamel matrix. Ultrastructure analyses showed that there was hardly any cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ameloblasts at the tip of the cusp of AS-ODN treatedexplants. However, on average the enamel matrix was thinner compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen fibers in extracellular matrix were found disorganized. These findings seemed to provide a direct experimental evidence that tended to indicate that the arrested AMBN translation in cultured tooth germs might result in the delay of the tooth development.

经用Western蛋白印迹检测表明，所设计的反义核酸对AMBN InRNA具有良好的封闭效果并成功阻断了牙胚对AMBN的表达；在缺乏AMBN情况下，与对照组相比，实验组牙胚在体外可以继续生长发育至钟状晚期，出现成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，成釉细胞可以分化成为分泌期型成釉细胞，胞浆中缺少合成蛋白质所必需的粗面内质网和高尔基氏体，缺乏溶酶体，表明对蛋白合成和脚的能力降低；实验组牙胚有牙尖形成和基质分泌，但牙尖形态异常，基质形成减少，牙尖周围基质最厚处为O.6卜m，明显薄于对照组的5.spin，基质中胶原纤维粗细不等，排列稀疏， 3 第四军医大学硕士学位论文未见钙化现象，充分证明了AMBN在牙胚发育中参与釉质基质形成和矿化过程，影响胶原纤维和牙本质基质的合成，促进成釉细胞对蛋白质的合成和釉质基质蛋白降解。

The efficiency of mass transfer in 60% fraction of hole is higher than in 40% fraction of hole. When gas/liquid ratio is lower 10, the efficiency of mass transfer in new sieve baffle tray is higher than in traditional tray.A three-dimensional quasi-single phase computational fluid dynamics program with the RNG- turbulence model is presented for evaluating the performance of the new sieve baffle tray. The special feature of this model is taking into account the influence of heat transfer during the mass transfer and the influence of mass transfer in computing the flow field.

建立了以RNG模型为基础的三维拟单相流模型，该模型与其它研究者所建立的模型的最大进步是，前人在塔板流场的计算中没有考虑传质的影响，并且在传质过程中没有也没有考虑传热对传质产生的影响，实际上在传质过程中，抛开传热来计算和研究传质是不准确的，因为在传质过程中伴随着传热，并且传热和传质是互相影响、互相制约的，本文所建立的传热与传质模型，把传热和传质进行了有效的藕合。

Firstly, according to the relationship between classic Carnot cycle and Lorenz cycle, the paper evaluates the cycle characteristics and thermodynamic properties of NARMS (Non-azeotropic mixtures), and compares the energy-saving difference between pure and mixed refrigerants. The main of factors that affect heat pump operating efficiency are analyzed in theory and using the Second Law of Thermodynamics the exergy are evaluated in components of heat pump system, in the end a conclusion is drew that all of the exergy have bearing on working fluids' properties.

本文首先从经典的Carnot逆循环与Lorenz逆循环相对关系出发，评估了非共沸混合工质循环的特点以及热力学性质；在不同环境条件下，比较了单工质与混合工质的循环特性差异；针对非共沸混合工质热泵循环效率的主要影响因素（即工质本身的热物性和系统部件特性）进行了理论分析，并利用热力学第二定律对热泵系统的各个主要部件进行了可用能分析，最终发现每一处可用能损失均与工质物性有关；在此基础上提出了减少可用能损失的方法—寻找适宜的非共沸混合工质。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。