质子的

The modification occurred in crystal lattice and the restoration effect of annealing are discussed by analyzing the intensity, width and angle of the X-ray diffraction peaks. The H〓 concentration and related structural information are deduced by the evolution of OH〓 absorption spectra with annealing, which offers the experimental proof for further discussion on annealing. The disappearance of the OH〓 absorption peak at 3300cm〓 after annealing indicates that some H〓 of high concentration diffused further into the substrate and the crystal phase changes accordingly.

根据质子交换波导退火前后在OH〓吸收峰特征的变化，推断波导层H〓浓度及相关的结构信息，并对进一步分析退火机制提供了实验依据；由于3300cm〓〓处的吸收峰代表的是立方钙钛矿的HNbO〓结构成分，因此退火后该峰的消失确实说明高浓度区域的H〓继续向波导深度迁移的事实，同时波导区的晶相成分也发生变化。

The results showed that the preoxidation of PPESK was a free radicals reaction,which was initiated by the decomposition of proton in aromatic ring and sulfone functional group and the removal of H_2O and SO_2.When the preoxidation temperature was above 460℃,the radical reaction was initiated by the decomposition of ketone functional group and the removal of CO_2.At last,the three-demensional cross-linking structure containing polyaromatic ether and biphenyl was formed.

研究表明，PPESK的预氧化过程是一个自由基反应过程，始终伴随着芳香环质子和砜基官能团的脱除引发的自由基交联反应，脱出H_2O与SO_2；当预氧化温度超过460℃后，随着反应的进行，由羰基官能团分解引发的自由基交联反应开始发生，脱出CO_2，并最终形成了含有大量聚芳醚和联苯结构的稳定的三维空间网状结构，进而完成PPESK由热塑性材料向热固性材料的转化。

Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.

镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族，全部是固体金属，它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素，它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2，而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个，所以外围电子结构为4f0－145d16s2，而使这些元素氧化数均为＋3，化学性质极为接近，提炼时很难分开，它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的，更增加提纯难度，它们的原子序数为57－71，核内质子数逐个增加，因而对核外电子引力也不断增强，使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小，这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小，这也使得Zr和Hf，Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似，以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似，因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。

Based on the 10060 Λ hyperons candidates events selected by us in 27. 6GeV longitudinal polarized e〓 deep inelastic scattering on unpolarized fixed proton target at HERMES, the spin transfer from fragmented u-quark to Λ hyperons, S〓, is measured.

本论文利用HERMES实验装置上的27.6GeV纵向极化正电子束与固定不极化质子靶的深度非弹散射的实验原始数据，重建了10060个Λ超子候选事例，对该过程中核子内被撞击的u夸克在碎裂过程中转移到Λ超子的自旋S〓进行了分析。

Comparing with one-dimensional non-uniform longitudinal flow model, the rapidity distribution of lighter strange particle kaon also shows a dip due to the effect of transverse flow.

这里应特别强调的是：本文所说的火球是指由相对论重离子碰撞所产生的热系统，k介子，质子和Λ它们的e不同，反映了它们在纵向分布的非均匀程度不同。

The complexes areneutral as shown by values of molar conductivity in aqueous solution, namely,〓 The crystal structure determinations show that, in complexes, metal ions werecoordinated by four nitrogen atoms and form slightly distorted square planar configuration,relationship between fluorene ring plane and coordination plane is similar to those betweenpeptide planes of β-folding in proteins. The complex molecules linked by hydrogen bonds formone dimension chain or two dimension network structure.

摩尔电导测定表明他们都是二氧四胺中酰胺氮去质子化后形成的产物。X-射线衍射晶体结构测定表明〓的铜、镍配合物的配位多面体都是稍微畸变的平面正方形，配合物分子中芴基平面与配位平面的关系类似于蛋白质β-折叠结构中肽平面之间的关系，配合物分子之间通过氢键连接成一维链状或二维网状结构。

The microstructures of composite membranes were studied by XRD and SEM. The thermal stabilities, methanol permeabilities and proton conductivities were investigated. Water uptakes and dimensional stabilities were also studied. The results indicate that amorphous zirconium phosphates are formed in the composite membrane, and have a good combination with the organic phase.

采用扫描电镜观察复合膜的断面形貌；采用热重分析仪研究复合膜的热稳定性；采用气相色谱测量并计算了复合膜的阻醇性；采用交流阻抗法测量复合膜的质子传导率；同时还研究复合膜的吸水率、尺寸稳定性。

The finding of the blue-shifted F-He-H... Y (Y=N〓, CO and He) systems, where the proton-donor was incapable of rehybridization, indicated that rehybridization is not a generally application driving force for the blue shift. There were other two novel blue-shifted systems discovered in this study. They were lithium bonding systems and dihydrogen bonding systems. On the basis of state-of-art NBO analyses and potential energy surface analysis, it was demonstrated that Pauli/nuclei repulsions cause the blue shift.

在对蓝移理论的研究中，本文发现了一类质子给予体不能进行重杂化的氢键蓝移体系，说明了&超共轭—重杂化&理论的不完善；而将Pauli／nuclei排斥理论应用到本文新发现的两类蓝移体系——锂键体系和双氢键体系，可以很好的解释它们的蓝移现象，从而更进一步的扩展了这一理论。

In the study of isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon elastic crosssections in nuclear medium we find the medium correction of nucleon-nucleon scatteringcross sections is also isospin dependent,〓 depends on the baryon density weakly and 〓 depends on the baryon density significantly.

用QHD-Ⅱ模型研究了介质两体截面的同位旋相关性，研究结果表明截面的介质修正也是同位旋依赖的：中子-质子介质截面对核密度的依赖很弱，而中子-中子的介质截面对核密度的依赖很强。

These results suggested that in chloroplast ATP synthase, both the N-terminus and C-terminus of the ε subunit show importance in regulation of the ATPase activity. Furthermore, the N-terminus of the ε subunit is more important for its interaction with γ and some CF〓 subunits, and crucial for the blocking of proton leakage. Compared with the ε subunit from E. coli, the chloroplast ε subunit is more sensible to N-terminal or Cterminal truncations.

从这些实验结果中可以看出：（1）叶绿体ATP合酶ε-亚基的N端和C端对于其功能的发挥都很重要；（2）ε亚基N端和C端氨基酸在抑制ATP水解和堵塞质子泄漏两个功能上起着不同的作用；（3）与细菌ATP合酶相比，叶绿体ATP合酶ε亚基N端和C端的缺失对其功能的影响更为显著。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。