质子的

Models of element synthesis during the supernova explosions predict that the abundance ratios of actinides with respect to other stable elements heavier than iron are very sensitive to the environment of the explosion, such as the entropy and the ratios of protons, neutrons and electrons.

模型元素的合成，在超新星爆炸预言的丰度比锕对于其他稳定更重的元素，比铁很敏感，对环境造成的爆炸，如熵和比例的质子，中子和电子。

While hydrogen obtained from water is the gas that would be used as a fuel, the splitting of oxygen from water is the more technically challenging "half-reaction" in the process, Belcher explains, so her team focused on this part.

这种方法使产生氧气的效率提高了4倍，研究人员希望能够找到同样的以生物学为基础的系统来完成这个反应的另一半过程——分离氢气。目前，从水中分离的氢被分成质子和电子。

In this thesis, we developed chiral proton N-O type ligands and employed them in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines. The relationship between the structure of the ligands and the enantioselectivity was systematically studied. Furthermore, enantioselective butylation of N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines withBu〓Zn and enantioselective diphenylzinc addition to imine were also examined.

本文致力于亚胺的不对称催化有机锌试剂加成反应的研究：以手性质子型N-O配体为促进剂，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺进行不对称乙基锌加成反应而展开研究工作，系统地考查了手性配体的结构对反应的影响；另外，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺的不对称催化丁基锌加成进行了研究，并首次对亚胺的不对称苯基锌加成反应进行了初步探索。

Radioactive decay studies have found a kinds of elements can be α or β decay and the decay into another element, while the α-decay product of -α-rays became one of the deep structure of the material means of .1911, the Rutherford and others bombarded atoms with α-rays observed wide-angle deflection to determine the nuclear structure of atoms and nuclei was first proposed the term .1919 year, Rutherford and others have also found that with α-ray bombardment of nitrogen will release the nuclear protons, this is the first time Artificial realization of a nuclear reaction, after the bombardment of nuclei with the radiation caused by nuclear reaction method to become the primary means of research in nuclear.

放射性衰变研究发现了一种元素可以通过α衰变或β衰变而变成另外一种元素，而α衰变的产物——α射线又成了人们探讨物质深层结构的手段。1911年，卢瑟福等人用α射线轰击原子、观察到大角度偏折，从而确定了原子的有核结构，并首次提出原子核这一名词。1919年，卢瑟福等人又发现用α射线轰击氮核会放出质子，这是首次用人工实现的核反应，以后用射线轰击原子核来引起核反应的方法逐渐成为研究原子核的主要手段。

It consists of a copper septumand a pulsed electrostatic deflector that have a reasonable strength.

为了向先进的主动方式的扫描系统和适形治疗提供高品质的束流，作者结合北京质子治癌同步加速器的Lattice，进行了水平方向的单圈注入的方案设计。

The measurements of self-diffusion coefficient,spin-spin relaxation and interproton distance at 318 K suggest that N,N′-bis-α,ω- alkane propane diammonium dibromide (16-3-16) quasi-global micelles are formed in the dilute solution at a concentration of 0.26 mmol/L and the head groups are in a saw-toothed form staying at the surface of the micelle to overcome the strong electrostatic repulsion force.

从自扩散系数、横向弛豫和质子距离等NMR测定参数推测，在浓度为0.26 mmol/L（318 K）的N，N′-双-α，ω-丙烷溴化铵(16-3-16)溶液中形成了近似球形的胶束，胶束表面的带正电荷的铵基极性头呈锯齿状排列以减弱分子间静电排斥力的影响。

The theoretical prediction of the differential cross section is obtained. Unlike 13C, there are no experimental data available at present to examine this prediction.

假设13N是单粒子的2p态的结构，用Glauber多重散射理论计算了1GeV的质子在13N上弹性散射的微分截面，研究了13N的类晕结构。

When FeCl3 was added into Cl to form an ionic liquid, the chemical shift of 2-H shifted downfield, which indicated that 2-H was deshielded by FeCl3 and was easy to disengage from imidazole.

通过Cl/FeCl3离子液体的1H NMR分析发现，咪唑环上的氢质子尤其是2-H的化学位移与FeCl3含量密切相关，随着FeCl3与Cl摩尔比的增大，2-H的化学位移向低场移动，说明其去屏蔽作用增强，2-H更容易脱离。

"Although treatment success with either step-up or step-down treatment is similar, the step-up strategy is more cost effective at 6 months for initial treatment of patients with new onset dyspeptic symptoms in primary care," the study authors write."Nonetheless, patients on initial empirical treatment with proton pump inhibitor show an earlier response, especially in the small subgroup with predominant reflux symptoms."

作者们写到，虽然进阶或降阶组的治疗成效相当，但是进阶策略在治疗开始6个月后对接受初级照护的新发作消化不良症状病患而言是更符合经济效益的；然而，一开始经验疗法使用质子帮浦抑制剂的病患，反应较快，特别是在少数以逆流症状为主的病患中。

A mathematical model for the anode of a direct methanol fuel cell considering the mass transport in the whole anode compartment and the proton exchange membrane, together with the kinetic and ohmic resistance effects through the catalyst layer is developed. The influences of key parameters on methanol crossover and anode performance are investigated.

对于DMFC的阳极，本文描述了甲醇和水在阳极及质子交换膜中的传递过程、反应动力学和欧姆阻抗效应，建立阳极和PEM的数学模型，并探讨对甲醇扩散和阳极性能影响的主要因素。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷