质子的

The method is realized by that polyether ether ketone is added into concentrated sulfuric acid to carry out sulfonation reaction, thereby obtaining sulfonated polyether ether ketone, then the sulfonated polyether ether ketone is dissolved in organic solvent, N, N (1)-Carbonyldiimidazole is added to stir for one to three hours, coupling agent is mixed for stirring the reaction for 1.5 to 4 hours, then inorganic crosslinking agent is mixed to react under the temperature of 50 to 80 DEG C. Proton conductors are mixed to continue getting the mixed solution of the sulfonated polyether ether ketone or the inorganic crosslinking agent or proton conductors under the temperature. Finally the proton exchange membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell is obtained by that the mixed solution of the sulfonated polyether ether ketone or the inorganic crosslinking agent or proton conductors is/are processed through membrane forming, drying and exuviation.

该方法首先将聚醚醚酮加入浓硫酸中进行磺化反应得到磺化聚醚醚酮；然后将磺化聚醚醚酮溶于有机溶剂中，加入N，N′-羰基二咪唑搅拌1～3小时后加入偶联剂搅拌反应1.5～4小时，再加入无机交联剂在50～80℃下反应，然后加入质子导体继续在此温度下反应得到磺化聚醚醚酮/无机交联剂/质子导体的混合溶液；最后将磺化聚醚醚酮/无机交联剂/质子导体的混合物溶液成膜，干燥，脱膜即得到所述的直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜。

Methanol molecule participates in the proton transfer process, which takes place by a intermolecular six-membered proton-transfer transition state structure instead of the intramolecular four- membered. Consequently, the activation energy of the proton-transfer process is reduced greatly,resulting in the carbon-carbon bond formation process become the rate-determining step. The results are consistent with Aggarwal's the latest dynamics experiments.

CH3OH分子参与质子转移过程，使得原本通过四元环结构过渡态的质子转移过程通过六元环结构过渡态实现，从而极大地降低了质子转移过程的活化能，碳-碳键形成过程进而成为反应的速度控制步骤，研究结果与Aggarwal等的最新动力学研究成果相吻合。

The 1H-NMR spectrum collected on a 200 MHz instrument had a doublet at a chemical shift of 5.88 parts per million which integrated to one proton, a multiplet at 4.19 ppm which integrated to one proton, a singlet at 2.5 ppm which integrated to six protons, a doublet at 1.60 ppm which integrated to three protons, and a broad peak at 0.8 ppm which integrated to two protons.

该核磁共振谱收集在一个200 MHz的仪器有一个双线在化学位移5.88百万分之的综合，以一质子， 1 multiplet在4.19 ppm的综合，以一质子，单在2.5 ppm的综合到6个质子， 1双在1.60 ppm的综合三个质子，和广阔的高峰期， 0.8 ppm的综合两个质子。

The 1H-NMR spectrum collected on a 200 MHz instrument had a multiplet at a chemical shift of 5.3 parts per million which integrated to one proton, a triplet at 2.5 ppm which integrated to four protons, two doublets at 1.66 ppm and 1.59 ppm which integrated to three protons each, and a multiplet from 1.4-1.2 ppm which integrated to six protons.

该核磁共振谱收集在一个200 MHz的仪器有一个multiplet在化学位移5.3每100万的综合，以一质子，三重在2.5 ppm的综合，以4个质子， 2 doublets在1.66 ppm和1.59 ppm的综合，以3个质子，每个和multiplet从1月4日至1月2日ppm的综合，以6个质子。

Effects of proton number, doping degree and so on were discussed by means of a new model.

有实验资料表明质子在膜中的大多数输送是链段运动和质子跃迁双重作用的结果，利用模拟参数本文将输送的质子数表征为链段运动和质子跃迁两项和的形式。

Proton generated from a Cockroft-Walton accelerator in the energy range of 30-100 keV were appropriately collimated and made to pass through a 10 g/cm^2 carbon foil. After Rutherford scattering, proton uniformly irradiated TLDs which were placed at the 20° behind and 20 cm away from the carbon foil. We used a channeltron behind TLD holder as the proton detector.

由Cockroft-Walton加速器提供之质子源，能量在30~100keV间，经准直后通过一10 g/平方公分之碳膜做拉塞福散射，散射后之质子均匀打在置於其后20°的压克力置装器内的热发光剂量计，利用压克力置装器后之一电子倍增器作为量测质子工具。

Atomic nuclei consist of combinations of protons, or positively charged particles, and neutrons, or uncharged particles.

原子核由质子与中子结合而成，原子核由质子与中子结合而成，质子也叫带正电的粒子，中子也叫不带电的粒子。

Aura: is the bioplasmic energy around an object and life form. It contains divine atom, proton, electron, neutron, light, atom, proton, electron, neutron, anti-proton, photon, anti-electron, antineutron, and also anti-energy and antimatter field.

它含有神性的光，原子，质子，电子，中子原子，电子，中子，原子质子，反-质子，光子，正电子，反中性子，同样也有反-能量和反物质粒子在光环里存反物质粒子反物质粒在和由光环或金场金场组成。

The present development of high temperature proton conductors with high chemical stability as electrolyte materials for protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells is reviewed, as well as the influence of novel element doping strategies on the chemical stability, ionic conductivity and sinterability for BaCeO3-based materials.

重点评述了近期化学稳定性好的高温质子导体电解质材料的发展以及新的掺杂体系对于经典BaCeO3基质子导体在化学稳定性、电导率和烧结活性等方面的作用，分析了高温质子导体作为电解质材料在质子陶瓷膜燃料电池发展中存在的问题和发展的方向。

The application results from fluorination showed microwave heating could accelerate chemical reactions markedly. The reaction time could be shortened 50% at least than that of conventional heating. The relationship between fluorinating agents\' structure and their activity was studied systematically. In addition, an anhydrous KF with higher activity was prepared by using expansion effect of microwave heating. As we known, solvents were very important to reaction. The comprehensive study showed some less polar aromatic solvents could be used as dipolar solvents. In addition, they had better effect than dipolar solvents in some occasions, such as fluorination of chlorobenzaldehydes and chlorinated diphenyl ketones etc. The primary applications of ionic liquids were also studied which indicated reactions with ionic liquids as solvents were more efficient and simple.

研究表明，微波是一种节能高效的加热方式，在微波作用下的卤素交换氟化反应具有反应速度快、转化率高、选择性好的优点，其反应时间可较常规加热缩短50%以上；同时也系统地研究了氟化剂种类及制备方式对其反应活性的影响，并利用微波加热的膨化作用制备出了一种活性较高的KF，其活性与喷雾干燥KF相差不大；溶剂对反应具有重要的作用，在此系统地研究了强极性非质子溶剂和中等极性非质子溶剂的应用情况，发现一些中等极性的非质子溶剂如硝基芳烃和氯代芳烃类溶剂在氯代苯甲醛类化合物的氟化反应中具有比强极性非质子溶剂更好的使用效果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。