质子

The protic- or Lewis acid catalyzed ring-closure of divinyl ketones (and their acid-labile precursors) pentadienylic cations is known as the via Nazarov cyclization.

质子酸或路易斯酸通过戊二烯基阳离子催化二乙烯酮的环闭合（以及它们的酸不稳定前体）这个反应被称为Nazarov环化。

Two prism coupling method is used to implement the electrooptic modulation is proposed by changing the angle of the m lines before and after the voltage applied on the electrodes.

由于质子交换平面波导的导波层在加上电场后折射率发生变化，从而引起棱镜耦合输出的m线强度的变化，实现电光调制。

At first, Polyaniline was synthesized by the improved chemical oxidation technique, then, PANI/HCl, PANI/TSA and PANI/DBSA were obtained by doping emeraldine with HCl, 4-methyl benzene sulfonic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonate acid, separately. Leucoemeraldine was obtained in the N-dimethylformamide by using phenylhydrazine deoxidizing emeraldine in N_2 atmosphere.

本文首先通过改进合成条件的化学氧化法合成了聚苯胺，经氨水脱掺杂获得本征态聚苯胺，再经盐酸、对甲苯磺酸、和十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂，分别获得到质子酸掺杂的聚苯胺样品，然后在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中，利用苯肼，在N_2氛围下还原本征态聚苯胺得到还原态的聚苯胺。

The results showed that PLA2, and lipid peroxide may be the causes of the changes of proton translocation in endotoxic shock rats.

可能膜脂质过氧化和磷脂酶A2的水解是引起内毒素休克肝线粒体质子转运功能改变的重要因素。

Its mechanism is the use of anthraquinone in alkali conditions off proton surface forming 10 more stable carbon anion face, but because carbon anion and oxygen ion exist between testosterone and enolate type each other changes, cause reaction product complex, at least five, reaction selectivity, product yield, separation difficulties, and product purity is not high, therefore, using the type and quantity of alkali, phase transfer catalyst type, solvent, to optimize the selection process conditions so as to improve the yield target product.

其机理是利用蒽酮在碱存在的条件下脱去氢质子面形成10位较稳定的碳负离子面进行，但是因为碳负离子和氧负离子之间存在酮式和烯醇式的互变，导致反应复杂，产物至少有五种，反应选择性差，产物分离困难，产率低，且产品纯度不高，因此，利用对碱的种类和量的多少，相转移催化剂的种类，反应溶剂的选择，来优化反应工艺条件从而提高目标产物的产率。

We studied DBU-mediated Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. Using DBU as the base for enolization of allylic esters of unsaturated acids 9-16, we found a novel DBU-mediated tandem Ireland-Claisen rearrangement /isomerization reactions and established a consecutive Ireland-Claisen rearrangement /Cope rearrangement.

利用DBU作为烯醇化碱，对含有活泼质子的烯酸烯丙酯类化合物9-16的Ireland-Claisen重排进行了系统的研究，创建了一条新颖的DBU-促进的Ireland-Claisen重排/异构化串联反应及Ireland-Claisen重排/Cope重排的串联反应路线。

In the first section ,clinical features of ALS patients were characterized as follows:(1) Thirty seven cases of definite and probable ALS patients (according to El Escorial criteria) were enrolled.

本研究旨在探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化新的诊疗手段，即质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）在患者的临床应用价值和ALS患者的谷氨酸测定。

For the stepwise mechanism, the ethylene molecule was firstly adsorbed at the Brnsted acid site via π-hydrogen bonding to form a stable complex, which then went through the protonation, leading to the formation of the ethoxide intermediate. Furthermore, the ethoxide reacted with the second ethylene molecule to form the butoxide product.

对于分步反应机理，乙烯分子首先通过π-氢键作用在酸性位形成稳定的吸附络合物，再进一步发生质子化并生成乙醇盐中间体，随后乙醇盐与第二个乙烯分子发生碳－碳键结合形成丁醇盐产物。

Objective To evalue clinical significance of 1H-MRS in differentical diagnosis and clinical assessment between radiation-induced brain injury and tumor recurrence.

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波普(1H-MRS)在脑肿瘤放射治疗过程中，对放射性脑损伤和脑肿瘤复发的评估及两者鉴别诊断中的临床意义。

The calculational results are in good agreement with the X-ray data and show that different substitute group results in different charge distribution, the exocyclic sulfur atom has the biggest negative charge value and this site is the most likely site of protonation and methylation as well as the potential coordination site with metallic ions.

计算结果与X-射线衍射数据相符合，并显示虽然不同的取代基导致了不同的电荷分布，但四唑环外的硫原子总是具有最大的负电荷分布，从而使其成为最有可能的质子化、甲基化及与金属离子进行反应的点位。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。