货物

Clause 2:No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the ''.

未经国会同意，各州不得对进口货物或出口货物徵收任何税款，但为了执行该州的检查法律而有绝对的必要时，不在此限；任何州对於进出囗货物所徵的税，其''。

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

未经国会同意，各州不得对进口货物或出口货物徵收任何税款，但为了执行该州的检查法律而有绝对的必要时，不在此限；任何州对於进出囗货物所徵的税，其净收益应归合众国国库使用；所有这一类的检查法律，国会对之有修正和监督之权。

If the vessel comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default of the Master, Mariner, Pilot or the servants of the carrier in the navigation or management of the vessel, the owners of the cargo carried hereunder will indemnify the carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non-carrying ship or her owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said cargo, paid or payable by the other or non-carrying ship or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying vessel or carrier.

如船舶由于他船疏忽以及本船船长、船员、引航员或承运人的受雇人员在驾驶和管理船舶中的行为、疏忽或不履行职责而与他船碰撞，则根据本提单承运的货物的所有人应补偿承运人的一切损失或对他船亦即非载货船舶或其所有人的赔偿责任，但此种补偿应以上述损失或赔偿责任所体现的已由或应由他船亦即非载货船舶或其所有人付给上述货物所有人其货物的灭失或损坏或其提出的任何索赔的数额为限，且这种损失或赔偿责任已由他船亦即非载货船舶作为其向载货船舶或承运人提出的索赔的一部分，将其冲销、扣除或追回。

The research of this paper includes three parts: the first, according to the statistical figures about the cargo transport in recent years, it analyzes cargo transport structure and the changing law and the internal reason of cargo transport. At the same time it analyzes and calculates the change of the arriving ships" structure for a systematic and full understand of the transport demands. The second, it make a scientific forecast of the port"s future cargo capacity making use of the grey forecast system, which provides scientific basis for medium-long term development plan of the ports cargo handling capacity. It also makes some analysis and research for medium-long term development future of Zhangjiagang port in use of physical unit analising technique, looks for the scattered no-order and no-system reason of medium-long term development. On the basis of summarizing their experience, the article adopts physical unit model to make a comprehensive judgement. It has distinctive opinion of value in accord with scientific principles for medium-long term development of Zhangjiagang port.

本文研究的工作主要分三个部分：第一，根据张家港近年来有关货物运输的一些统计数据，对货物运输的结构和规模演变的规律及内在原因作一剖析，同时对到港船舶的结构变化进行预测，以求对运输需求有一个系统全面的了解；第二，应用灰色预测系统对张家港港未来港口货运吞吐量进行科学预测，为张家港港货物装卸能力规划提供科学依据；应用物元分析技术对张家港港口的未来发展前景作出一定程度的分析、研究，找出张家港港口未来发展规划的零散无序、不成系统的因素，总结前人经验的基础上采用综合评判物元模型进行评判，在预测港口未来发展规划是否科学实际上具有独到见解。

The research work of this article is made up of theory and application, it includes three partsrthe first, it takes SWOT analytical technology to analyse Zhangjiagang port" s developing strategic enviorment . The second, it according to the statistical figures about the cargo transport in recent years, it analyzes cargo transport structure and the changing law and the internal reason of cargo transport. At the same time it analyzes and calculates the change of the arriving ships" structure for a systematic and full understand of the transport demands. The third, it make a scientific forecast of the port" s future cargo capacity making use of the grey forecast system, which provides scientific basis for medium-long term development plan of the port"s cargo handling capacity. It also makes some analysis and research for medium-long term development future of Zhangjiagang port in use of physical unit analising technique, looks for the scaltered no-order and no-system reason of medium-long term development.

本文从理论和应用两个部分对港口发展战略进行了研究，研究的工作主要分三个部分：第一，应用SWOT法对港口发展环境进行技术分析；第二，在对国内外同类型港口进行分析的基础上，对张家港港的发展做一比较；根据张家港近年来有关货物运输的一些统计数据，对货物运输的结构和规模演变的规律及内在原因作一剖析，同时对到港船舶的结构变化进行预测，以求对运输需求有一个系统全面的了解；第三，应用灰色预测系统及三次指数平滑法和组合预测法对张家港港未来港口货运吞吐量进行科学预测，为张家港港货物装卸能力规划提供科学依据。

Passenger fares, goods tariffs and the items and rates of miscellaneous charges for passenger and goods transport on industrial railways which also run public passenger and goods transport on a commercial basis, and the rates of charges for sharing the use of railway private sidings, shall be laid down by the competent department in charge of prices under the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

兼办公共旅客、货物运输营业的专用铁路的旅客票价率、货物运价率和旅客、货物运输杂费的收费项目和收费标准，以及铁路专用线共用的收费标准，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府物价主管部门规定。

In this document, after cargo shipping, theAmerican company signs the contract on November 24 and the Japanesecompany, resells the cargo, therefore, the cargo risk the companyundertakes from this day shift for Japan.

此案中，货物装运后，美国公司于11月24日和日本公司签订合同，将货物转卖，因此，货物风险从该日转移给日本公司承担。

Packagings of dangerous goods is one of important guarantees of transport safety.

危险货物运输包装是运输安全的重要保证之一，为了检验危险货物运输包装是否符合要求，各运输机构都规定了相应的包装试验方法，本文就联合国危险货物运输专家委员会推荐的包装试验要求的有关规定进行分析和探讨。

Firstly, it defines the meaning of developing way of freight transportation, measures the types of developing way of freight transportation from different angles, and analyzes the influencing factors of developing way of freight transportation.

首先界定了货物运输发展方式的涵义，从不同角度划分了货物运输发展方式的类型，分析了影响货物运输发展方式的因素。

It also points out the objective necessity of the transformation of freight transportation developing way from the development law of transportation, economic and social development needs and the restriction of external conditions. Finally, it indicates the exact meanings, and gives the ideas and the main channels of the transformation of freight transportation developing way.

最后，从交通运输业自身发展规律、经济社会发展的需要、外部条件的约束三个方面分析了我国货物运输发展方式转变的客观必然性，指出了货物运输发展方式转变的确切涵义和思路，给出了我国货物运输发展方式转变的主要途径。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。