货币铸造

In the time of Servius Tullius, who first coined money at Rome,*74 the Roman As or Pondo contained a Roman pound of good copper.

瑟维阿斯图利阿斯是第一个在罗马铸造货币的人。

But in the early 690s, for example, Umayyad dinars from Damascus suddenly switched from displaying heads of rulers to showing the shahada, the declaration of belief in the oneness of Allah.

但在7世纪90年代早期，大马士革铸造的伍麦耶王朝的货币第纳尔，图案突然从由原来的统治者头像变为表明真主乃唯一信仰的"萨哈达"誓言。

Formosa used to be a country where the medium of exchange was bullion, not coin, exactly as in China, and the bulky copper coinage used to make commercial transactions of any magnitude wellnigh an impossibility.

福尔摩沙曾经是像中国一样靠的是金银块做为交易的工具，而非货币，而曾经做为商业交易而体积较大的铜的硬货铸造也几乎是不可能。

The mid-6th century BC, in Aegina, Corinth, Athens and other places began to monetization.

公元前 6世纪中叶，在埃吉纳、科林斯、雅典等地开始铸造货币。

Again, the right of free coinage, one of the basic principles of modern monetary law, is a protection in the opposite direction against the emergence of a difference in value between the coined and uncoined metal.

此外，自由铸币权利——一项现代货币法律的基本原则——也是一项保护，旨在防止已铸造钱币的金属和未使用的金属之间出现差异。

No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

第十款 各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

Section 10 - States prohibited from the exercise of certain powers.1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联，不得对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证，不得铸造货币，不得发行纸币，不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币，不得通过任何剥夺公民权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律，也不得颁发任何贵族头衔。

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.

第十款 各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

一〕任何一州都不得：缔结任何条约，参加任何同盟或邦联；颁发捕获敌船许可状；铸造货币；发行信用券；使用金银币以外的任何物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；通过任何公民权利剥夺法案、追溯既往的法律或损害契约义务的法律；或授予任何贵族爵位。

Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto 1.事后的(地,追溯的 law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

任何一州都不得：缔结任何条约，参加任何同盟或邦联；颁发捕获敌船许可状；铸造货币；发行纸币；使用金银币以外的任何物品作为偿还债务的货币；通过任何公民权利剥夺法案、追溯既往的法律或损害契约义务的法律；或授予任何贵族爵位。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐