货币铸造

The monetary standard system consists of the standard currency, fractional currency, free mintage and destruction of money, free imports and exports the coinage metal.

货币本位制度包含主币和辅币、自由铸造和自由销毁及货币金属自由进出口三项内容。

The interest it earns on its loans and securities is almost pure profit, or "seigniorage," most of which it remits to the Treasury.

美联储通过发放贷款和有价证券所得利息几乎是纯利，或"货币铸造税"，其中的大部分交给财政部。

The first money used in America was furnished chiefly by Great Britain and Spain, but the limited amount, scarcity and need of it, tempted the colony of Massachusetts to create a small mint in this country, which they did in 1652, where they struck some siver pieces which are known as Oak or Pine Tree money, and are quite rare, being the first coins of American origin.

在美国使用的首例货币主要是由大不列颠和西班牙供应的，但是，货币总数量的限制，不足和对货币的需求，引起了Massachusetts的殖民地在1652年建立了一个小的铸币厂，人们铸造了一些银片，也就是人们所知道的，非常罕见的橡树或者松树货币，这个就是我们所说的American origin。

In this era, the levels of minting and circulation of coin currency grew significantly, forming the foundation of a stable monetary system.

在该时期，货币的铸造水平和流通速度都有了显著的提高，从而奠定了稳定的货币体系基础。

2209 The U.S. was the first nation to adopt an official currency named the dollar. In 1797, the Bank of England began minting "dollar" coins as bank-issued currency.

发帖： 2209 美国是第一个将官方货币命名为&元&的国家。1797年，英国银行开始铸造面值为&元&的硬币，作为银行发行的货币。

No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船只颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

各州不得缔结任何条约，结盟或组织邦联，不得对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证，不得铸造货币，不得发行纸币，不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币，不得通过任何剥夺公民权的法案，追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律，也不得颁发任何贵族头衔。

Section 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

第十款 各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

第十款 各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

Section 10- States prohibited from the exercise of certain powers.1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联；不得对民用船苹颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证；不得铸造货币；不得发行纸币；不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币；不得通过任何褫夺公权的法案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律；也不得颁发任何贵族爵位。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐