货币报酬

The term "annuity" means a stated sum payable periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money's worth.

一语是指按照以货币或货币价值的形式，偿还适当和全部报酬的义务，在有生之年或规定或指定的期限内，根据指定的时间定期支付的指定金额。

We find that,(1) the regional market development influences CG——better institutional environment can improve CG and decrease the agency costs.(2) However, there is no influence for perquisite consumption, the reason for which is the existence of compensation regulation in our stated-owned corporate. The perquisite consumption remedies the low monetary reward and undertakes the recessive motivating effect. This is in accord with Li, Sun and Liu (2005) in which the managers' compensation contracts conform to the superior contracting theory.

经过实证检验我们发现：1、上市公司所处地区的市场化程度较高，那么公司的代理成本相对较低，从而证明了地区的市场化程度确实影响公司的治理结构，好的法律制度环境有利于上市公司治理结构的完善，降低公司的代理成本。2、地区市场化程度的高低对于上市公司经理人的在职消费没有显著的影响，这是因为我国国有企业薪酬管制的存在，在职消费作为低货币性报酬的补偿，承担着隐性激励的作用，这与李增泉、孙铮和刘凤委（working paper，2005）关于我国上市公司经理人的薪酬契约符合最优契约论的研究结论保持一致。

Through the humanistic assumption of manager, clarified the behavioral purpose of executive primarily is to pursue the maximization of currency remunerate, prove the necessityof the currency recompense incentives to manage, and divided the currency recompense contract into fix contract and changeable contract.

通过对经营者人性的假设，阐明了经营者行为的目的主要是追求货币报酬的最大化，论证了对经营者实行货币报酬激励的必要性，同时将影响经营者货币报酬的合同分为固定合同和可变合同。

This paper examines whether or not stock return responds asymmetrically to monetary policy shocks. We use over-night rate volatility to measure monetary policy and apply Component-GARCH-Constant Jump and ARJI-Trend model to capture expected and unexpected effects of government's monetary policy on the stock return in American, Canada, Japan, and Britain. Considering the non-normality features of these assets returns, this paper use skewed student t distribution to estimate the relationship between the permanent and transitory components of the conditional variance and the frequency and intensity of jump of stock return.

本文探讨货币政策对於股市报酬之影响，选取货币政策代理变数－金融业隔夜拆款利率在分别采用Component-GARCH-Constant Jump与ARJI-Trend模型，并同时考量报酬率呈现非常态之特性，因此采用偏态t分配(skewed student t-distribution)进行估计条件变异数的恒常与移转部份及跳跃机率与跳跃频率，以捕捉政府实施预期及非预期的货币政策对股市报酬的影响，分析在预期及非预期的货币政策冲击下对股市的影响是否存在不同之效果。

It introduces non-pecuniary compensation in the managers' compensation in order to avoid underestimation of the managers' compensation.

为了避免管理者报酬被低估的问题，文章在管理者货币性报酬的基础上引入在职消费。

Instead of this, each capitalist has money, which he pays to his workpeople, and so enables them to supply themselves: he has also finished goods in his warehouses, by the sale of which he obtains more money, to employ in the same manner, as well as to replenish his stock of materials, to keep his buildings and machinery in repair, and to replace them when worn out.

每个资本家持有的不是食品或衣着，而是货币，他把钱付给工人作为报酬，让工人自己去购买食品衣着。此外，仓库中还有制成的货物，把这些货物卖掉后，他可获得更多的钱，用这些钱支付工人的报酬，以及用来补充原料，修理房屋和机器，更换报废的房屋和机器。

Based on this, it dissects the managers' behavior seeking the enjoyment of the noncurrency. It analyses the substituting relation between the income and the enjoyment of the noncurrency in the case that the managers seek extending of the firms' scales in order to meet their desire of the power and the position, and then expounds the...

在此基础上，剖析了经营者追求非货币消费的行为；以经营者追求企业规模扩大（以满足其权力、地位的欲望等）行为为例分析了经营者货币收入与非货币消费之间的替代关系；并阐明了约束经营者过度的非货币消费行为的经营者报酬定价原则。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。