货币储备

The greenback was hit on Friday by comments from Wu Xiaoling, the deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, who said in an academic paper that the dollar's recent decline increased the depreciation risk for Asian reserve assets.

中国人民银行(People's Bank of China)副行长吴晓灵上周五发表的一份学术报告对美元构成压力。吴晓灵在报告中表示，作为主要储备货币的美元汇率持续走低，增加了东亚储备资产的贬值风险。

Followed from the currency reserve structure to optimize the structure of the main factors affecting research, this paper introduces the three theoretical models: Asset Portfolio Theory, Heller—Knight Model and Dooly Model. Portfolio Theory stresses the returns and risks in arranging the structure of foreign exchange reserves.

紧接着从优化储备货币结构入手，对影响结构的几个主要因素进行了研究，并介绍了外汇储备币种结构选择的三大理论模型，即资产组合理论、海勒——奈特模型和杜利模型。

While their governments were accumulating foreign exchange reserves buying dollars to offset their current account surpluses, their businesses were borrowing dollars from foreigners for investment. Shouldn't their governments have deployed the money better to support investment?

这些政府正积聚外汇储备购买美元以抵销他们的货币帐户盈余时，国内的企业却正向外国人借美元用于投资，政府不应当善用货币支持这些企业的投资吗？

At best, unless China and Russia add many thousands of tons of gold to their reserves to back up their currencies, the yuan and ruble will get some regional play, as a run-up to a world currency.

在最好的，除非中国和俄罗斯购买许多几千吨的黄金储备来支持其货币，人民币和卢布将得到一些区域发挥，作为一个助跑的世界货币。

Foreign exchange reserve plays an important role in balancing income and payments,stabling foreign exchange and repaying external debts. However,excessive foreign exchange reserve not only idling foreign exchange reserve resource and increases opportunity cost, but also affect the independence and effectiveness of the monetary policy ,decreases social's economical efficiency.

外汇储备在平衡国际收支、稳定汇率和偿还外债中发挥着重要的作用，然而过量的外汇储备会造成外汇资源闲置和机会成本的上升，还会影响货币政策的独立性和有效性，降低社会的经济效率。

Studies have shown that the value of Japanese yen as international reserves are better than the U. S. dollar, Euro, Pound Sterling and other international reserve currencies viewed from both the market value and the time value.

研究表明，无论是从市场价值还是从时间价值考察，日元作为国际储备的价值都优于美元、欧元和英镑等国际储备货币。

Downey, of Woodbine, Md., each with one count of conspiracy to launder monetary instruments, one count of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business, one count of operating an unlicensed money transmitting business under federal law and one count of money transmission without a license under D.C.

四项罪状的起诉书，流传于2007年4月24日，今天启封，收费电子有限公司金牌；金银储备股份有限公司；及其拥有博士道格拉斯杰克逊，卫星海滩，fla。；里德甲杰克逊的墨尔本，fla。；巴里和k。唐尼，woodbine，莫斯塔，每一项串谋launder货币工具，一项串谋无照经营货币转递业务一控无牌经营货币转递业务根据联邦法律，一算钱传动无执照d.c。

The new system would "counteract the risk of a rapid fall in the value of the major reserve currency, gutting hard-earned reserve funds".

新的体系将&抵消主要储备货币价值快速下跌的风险，以免掏空辛苦得来的储备资金。&

At present a country release of currency into circulation's channel mainly has:1st, the Central Bank buys the bank note issuing stock gol; 2nd, Central Bank purchases the reserve foreign exchange; 3rd, Central Bank purchases the national debt or gives the government to overdraw; 4th, Central Bank to each kind of Loan company provide loan, or buys up the national debt which, the Central Bank bill, the financial bond the Loan company has and so on, and provides the loan through the Loan company to the society; 5th, after Loan company deposit taking, besides deposits the Central Bank certain proportion the guaranty money for deposits or maintains certain deposit deposit, provides the loan to the society, and forms the loan delivery the multiplier effect; 6th, outside Central Bank's each kind of bank purchase national debt, enterprise bond as well as foreign exchange and so on.

目前一国货币投放的渠道主要有：1、中央银行购入发钞储备黄金；2、央行购买储备外汇；3、央行购买国债或给予政府透支；4、央行向各类贷款银行发放贷款，或者买入贷款银行持有的国债、央行票据、金融债券等，并通过贷款银行向社会发放贷款；5、贷款银行吸收存款后，除交存央行一定比例的存款保证金或保持一定的备付金存款外，向社会发放贷款，并形成贷款投放的乘数效应；6、央行外的各类银行购买国债、企业债券以及外汇等。

In another article, Mr Zhou suggested the creation of a new international reserve currency, managed by the IMF, to replace the dollar.

在另一篇文章中，周行长建议创立新储备货币来取代美元并由国际货币基金组织进行管理，对此西方政府官员态度冷淡，而对于中国建议重组国际货币基金组织投票权以加强发展中国家话语权的提案表示了更大的兴趣。

John Robbins lives with his family in Santa Cruz, California.

约翰罗宾和家人居住在加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯县。

The international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tented to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times.

国际背景主要是和平与发展时代条件下的世界各国经济贸易联系的日益加深。