货币供给

Owing to the risk aversion and deposit preference of state-owned commercial banks, their credit supply is not sufficient, deposit demand is too big, and balance of their deposits to loans is enlarging.

在利率管制的条件下，由于我国国有商业银行的风险厌恶和存款偏好特性，使银行的贷款供给不足和存款需求过大，引起存贷款差额扩大，从而导致我国货币政策信用渠道的传导机制不畅。

This paper extends Salop's (1974) and Purvis's (1979) flexible exchange rates system small open economy model to the perfect sterilization operation dual exchange rates system. We assume the policy authorities choose the full employment output and desired financial exchange rates level as policy targets and use fiscal policy and monetary policy as policy instruments.

本文将Salop(1974)及Purvis(1979)同时兼顾总合需求面及总合供给面浮动汇制的小型开放经济模型，予以延伸至完全冲销措施(perfect sterilization operations)的双元汇制(two-tier exchange rates)，并假定政策当局选择以充分就业的产出及融汇达到想水准做为政策目标，并以财政政策及货币政策做为政策工具，为达此双重政策目标，则适当的政策搭配为何的课题。

For the above mentioned reasons, China and the Europe experienced different path dependence and financial innovations during the millenary.

这种强制性制度变迁，由国家来主导制度供给，节省了制度自发形成过程中的成本，实现了规模经济，推进了中国货币制度的近代化转换。

The State servants were paid originally both in kind and coin, but as time went on the annona or food ration was commuted into money.

官员的俸禄起初以实物或金钱形式发放，但随时间推移食物供给部分也变成了货币。

Along with the development of the social economy, the supply and the demand of merchandise separated from each other, both temporally and dimensionally.

随着社会经济的发展，商品的供给和需求在时间和空间上相互脱离，货币也开始从实物经济中脱离出来，在一般商品交易之外独立地运动。

According to Joachim Fels, an economist at Morgan Stanley, for the first time since 2000 the growth of GDP in the world's top five economies is outstripping the growth of the money supply, so that less excess liquidity is available "to churn asset prices".

费尔斯的观点，自2000年世界前5大经济体首次增长以来，GDP的增长导致了货币的超额供给，所以减少过剩流动性将会&搅动资产价格&。

Monetary policy will also be less effective this time around because there is an oversupply of housing, automobiles and other consumer goods. Demand for these goods is less sensitive to changes in interest rates, because it takes years to work out such gluts.

而且，当前货币政策的效力也会受到限制，因为住房、汽车和许多消费品都存在过剩供给，而消化这些过剩需要若干年时间，因此这些商品的需求对利率变化缺乏弹性。

Currency obtains the value by supply and demand and by the government, or the central bank.

获得货币的价值是由供给和需求，由政府或中央银行。

New Words Euromarket Eurocurrency Eurodollar sterling n. prohibit vt.

单词 欧洲市场欧洲货币欧洲美元英国货币，标准纯银禁止，阻止供给。。。

Unit Two: The Economic Problem ;Unit Three: Economic Systems;Unit Four: Demand and Supply; Unit Five: The Price Mechanism ;Unit Six: The Organization of Business ;Unit Seven: Money and Banking ;Unit Eight: Population ;Unit Nine: Income and Work ;Unit Ten: The Government and the Economy .

第二单元：经济问题；第三单元：经济体系；第四单元：供给与需求；第五单元：价格机制；第六单元：商业企业的组织形式；第七单元：货币与银行；第八单元：人口；第九单元：收入与工作；第十单元：政府与经济。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了