货币

The analysis of monetary constitution indicates: the foundation currency is strongly controllable and the currency multiplicator isn't controllable, but it could be well and truly forecasted by the ARMA model, thus it's strongly predictable.

从货币供应量的构成分析：基础货币具有较强的可控性；货币乘数不具有可控性，但货币乘数可以利用ARMA模型进行较为准确的预测，具有较强的可预测性。

Its main components are the Macau pataca, the Panama balboa, the Burmese kiat, the Bhutan ngultrum and the Laotian kip.

其主要币种是：澳门元、巴拿马货币巴波亚、缅甸货币缅元、不丹货币努尔特鲁姆和老挝货币基普。

The economic integral of China district is an inevitable outcome of cross-straits four ground economy developing in the future.the Cross-straits can consider practice to unify the currency HB, and make HB become the one of the world currencies, and this will give cross-straits four districts important and big and economic benefits, and also will further promote the economic integral of China district .but practices to unify the currency HB must change current RenMinbi, Hong Kong dollar, NT$ and Pataca system, and will face the US$ and euro competition, etc..

内容摘要：中华区域经济一体化是未来两岸四地经济发展的必然结果，未来两岸可考虑实行统一货币"华币"，并使华币成为世界货币之一，这将给两岸四地带来重要大经济利益，也将进一步促进中华经济一体化进程。然实行统一货币"华币"必须改变现行人民币、港币、新台币及澳门币制度，而且将面对美元与欧元等货币的竞争。

The electronic currency produces with thedevelopment the influence which produces to the Central Bank, needsthe Central Bank to adopt has a series of pointed measures,establishes set of effective supervising and managing systems and thecareful supervising and managing mechanism, guarantees both canencourage the electronic currency the development and the innovation,and can the possible risk control in the reasonable scope, anddevelopment and the consummation electron currency time monetarypolicy movement mechanism.

电子货币产生与发展对中央银行所产生的影响，需要中央银行采取有一系列针对性的措施，建立一套有效的监管体系和审慎的监管机制，以保证既能鼓励电子货币的发展和创新，又能将可能的风险控制在合理范围内，并发展和完善电子货币时代的货币政策运行机制。

Concept of movements in the currency pool reflecting movements in the three main currencies constituting the pool.

表示货币总库中的货币运动的一个概念，它反应组成货币总库的三种主要货币的运动。

Chapter 2 Retrospection on the fulfillment of monetary policy of our country.

从货币政策目标、货币政策工具和货币政策传导机制等方面简要地阐述了贯穿论文始终的货币政策的相关理论。

At first,this paper has reviewed the historical background of gold bullion controversy ---the economic status of England in the nineteenth century; In additional, it has presented the points of Ricardian analysis method; At last,it has set forth David Ricardo' s policy suggestions to coinage and his viewpoints of Quantity Theory of Money, we will see the shadow of some model money theory problems.

内容提要：首先，本文考察了金块论争的历史背景——十九世纪初英国的经济状况，并简要介绍了李嘉图分析方法的特点，其次，详细阐述了李嘉图对当时货币制度的些政策建议及其货币数量论的观点，其中我们将看到很多当代货币理论问题的影子，充分体现了货币理论研究的连续性。

The first money used in America was furnished chiefly by Great Britain and Spain, but the limited amount, scarcity and need of it, tempted the colony of Massachusetts to create a small mint in this country, which they did in 1652, where they struck some siver pieces which are known as Oak or Pine Tree money, and are quite rare, being the first coins of American origin.

在美国使用的首例货币主要是由大不列颠和西班牙供应的，但是，货币总数量的限制，不足和对货币的需求，引起了Massachusetts的殖民地在1652年建立了一个小的铸币厂，人们铸造了一些银片，也就是人们所知道的，非常罕见的橡树或者松树货币，这个就是我们所说的American origin。

This paper examines whether or not stock return responds asymmetrically to monetary policy shocks. We use over-night rate volatility to measure monetary policy and apply Component-GARCH-Constant Jump and ARJI-Trend model to capture expected and unexpected effects of government's monetary policy on the stock return in American, Canada, Japan, and Britain. Considering the non-normality features of these assets returns, this paper use skewed student t distribution to estimate the relationship between the permanent and transitory components of the conditional variance and the frequency and intensity of jump of stock return.

本文探讨货币政策对於股市报酬之影响，选取货币政策代理变数－金融业隔夜拆款利率在分别采用Component-GARCH-Constant Jump与ARJI-Trend模型，并同时考量报酬率呈现非常态之特性，因此采用偏态t分配(skewed student t-distribution)进行估计条件变异数的恒常与移转部份及跳跃机率与跳跃频率，以捕捉政府实施预期及非预期的货币政策对股市报酬的影响，分析在预期及非预期的货币政策冲击下对股市的影响是否存在不同之效果。

Funds operation affects the commodity supply. The economic operation studies the relation between total supply and total demand.

我们知道，货币运行研究的是货币供求关系，即货币供给与货币需求之间的均衡与非均衡问题。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了