货币

Central bank's asset structure and public preference influence base money and money multiplier and lead to excessive liquidity funda...

货币当局的资产结构和公众的资产偏好分别影响着基础货币和货币乘数，是导致资金流动性过剩的根源，而消除流动性过剩也须借助转变货币当局资产结构和公众资产偏好来实现。

Convertible debenture loan investment 可转换债券贷款投资 convertible release (of 18% currency) Release by Bank member of its 18% currency for lending or relending, with permission granted to the Bank to exchange the 18% currency for the currency of any other member.

对18%的当地货币解除可转换限制世界银行会员国解除其作为贷款或再贷款之用的18%的当地货币的限制，允许世界银行把18%的本国货币转换成其他任何会员国的货币。

Through reviewing the theories of classical economic equilibrium and economic growth, development proportionally and macroeconomic equilibrium and non-equilibrium, the thesis introduces and comments the theories and viewpoints of the major schools and their reprehensive who have typically significance and have done great contributions in the studies of the coordinated operation among money, funds and economy.

基于此，本文将货币运行、资金运行与经济运行三者之间的关系具体化为经济增长与经济结构、货币供给与货币需求、储蓄与投资、资金供给与资金需求等方面的关系以及货币、资金与经济的内外协调运行问题；相应地，全文内容被划分为以下六章：第一章，货币、资金与经济协调运行的理论前提。

Since 1994 China has turned its monetary policy operation from direct control of credit to indirect control of monetary aggregate which included adjustment to base money, interest rate and open market operation. In 1995 money supply was introduced as a triable medium aim of monetary policy and in 1996 it became a formal medium aim.

自1994年开始我国货币政策操作从控制信贷规模为主的直接调控手段逐渐向控制基础货币、利率调整、公开市场操作等间接调控手段转变，1995年尝试把货币供应量纳入货币政策中介目标体系，1996年正式把货币供应量作为中介目标。

This kind of study is of great importance both in theory and in practice. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the immediate problems of the monetary policy in China which are found in its subject, utility goals, intermediate targets, means of implementation and conducting mode. This study is carried out by drawing lessons from western monetary policy theory and by making comparisons on a historical and international basis. In this thesis, the problems are analyzed by citing theories as well as listing examples so as to make the analysis logical. With the help of the analysis and by considering the actual situation of the economy in China, the author also gives some suggestions on how to scientifically formulating and effectively implementing the monetary policy in China after a careful anatomizing of China's monetary policy.

因此，本文的研究主题就是在全面借鉴国外货币政策理论的基础上，贯彻理论研究与实践分析、逻辑推理与历史演绎、横向比较与纵向比较、理论继承与观点创新相统一的研究原则和写作方法，重点结合改革开放20多年来中国货币政策的实践，系统、深入地分析我国货币政策在主体、最终目标、中介目标、操作工具和传导机制方面存在的突出问题，在此基础上，结合我国经济发展的现状和要求，对我国货币政策理论体系进行层次梳理和系统重构，并对提高我国货币政策制定的科学性和实施的有效性提出政策建议。

Economics A fixing of the value of currencies to each other within defined parameters, which when graphed visually shows these currencies remaining parallel in value to each other as a unit despite fluctuations with other currencies.

蛇形浮动汇率制：在指定的范围内，货币相互间价值的固定性，用图表示则每个单位的货币与另一货币的变化曲线平行，尽管此货币与其它货币之间会有波动

In Chapter 1, it discusses the origin of the money and its economic function on the basis of critique results of Marxist Political Economy, generally explained the money"s social function on the basis of discussion of money"s economic functions and pointed out the possibility of money intermediating social life in traditional society although many restrictions still exist and make some areas inaccessible for money.

第一章以马克思主义政治经济学批判的成果为基础，概括性地讨论了货币的产生及其经济功能，在货币经济职能探讨的基础上阐释了货币的一般社会功能，同时指明了传统社会中货币虽然具有全面中介社会生活的可能性，但由于多方面的限制还存在许多禁区是货币不能进入的。

RMB regionalization is the process of RMB taking as international currency in East Asia. This process is the result of market choice, of which been taken RMB as transactions currency , quotation currency and asset currency in private department, then it also taken as intervention currency, unit-of-account currency and reserve currency in office department.

人民币区域化是人民币跨越国界实现货币职能的发展过程，是以市场为基础的货币选择结果，即人民币成为东亚区域贸易的支付媒介、计价单位和结算货币，进而逐步实现人民币作为区域内的国际债权、债务的记账单位和储备货币，并最终成为外汇市场上干预汇率的干预货币。

Just for the complicated transmission system and its long time-lag effect, monetary authority must use intermediate target to evaluate its impact and to decide whether it needs adjust and how to do so, in order to realize the final target.

由于货币政策复杂的传导机制和较长的时滞效应，货币当局必须通过中介目标来判断货币政策的效果、货币政策是否需要进行调整以及调整的力度和方向，以实现货币政策的最终目标。

Based on both western scholars' study such as Taylor on a monetary policy reaction function and Chinese condition, this article makes a new forwardlooking monetary policy reaction function, in terms of market interest rate, regulated interest rate and interest rate spread.

本文在泰勒等西方学者对货币政策反应函数研究的基础上，构造一个适合我国国情的前瞻性货币政策反应函数，从市场利率、管制利率以及两者利差三个层次，通过该反应函数对我国货币政策的实证检验结果发现，一方面，该反应函数能够很好地描述同业拆借利率、存贷款利率和两者利差的具体走势，能够为我国货币政策的制定提供一个参考尺度，以衡量货币政策的松紧。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了