货币

Interest-rate rules theory, which views short-term interest rate as monetary policy instrument, reflects the new ideas and efforts of monetarists engaged in monetary policy. Two problems have to be resolved in this theory, that is,"what effects does an interest rate policy shock have on non-policy variables?"

利率规则理论是以短期利率作为货币政策工具而发展起来的一套新的理论，它体现了货币经济学家在货币政策领域内的新的尝试和努力。

In chapter two, we study operation rules of e monetary policy. We analyze the debates about "discretionary rule" vs."single law" between doctrine Keynesianeconomists and Monetarists at first, and then we analyze the time inconsistent problem, proposing the reference meaning of monetary policy rules to our country.

第二章我们对货币政策的操作规则进行了研究，我们首先分析了正统凯恩斯主义和货币主义者之间的关于&相机抉择&和&单一规则&之争，接着我们分析了动态不一致问题，提出政策规则对我国实施货币政策的参考意义。

So its practice was ended unsuccessfully under the criticism of monetarists. After the seventies of 20th century, most of the developed countries turned to the rule of monetary targeting.

从货币政策的实践来看，目标规则更受各国货币当局的青睐。19世纪末开始的金本位制以及后来的金汇兑本位制、布雷顿森林体系、欧洲货币体系都可以看成一种汇率目标规则。

By drawing a distinction between electronic payment and electronic money, we can understand the specificities of electronic money, and it is important when we examine the monetary policy.

藉由对新式电子支付与电子货币的区别，可以明确了解电子货币的特性，以利未来货币政策的探讨。

Because of the passive embarking of base money, the contribution rate of money multiplier to money supply is very low.

由于基础货币的被动扩张，货币系数对货币供应量的贡献率非常低。

"Money," in our economy, is pieces of paper issued by the Federal Reserve, on which are engraved the following:"This Note is Legal Tender for all Debts, Private, and Public." This "Federal Reserve Note," and nothing else, is money, and all vendors and creditors must accept these notes, like it or not.

&货币&，在我们这个时代，是指由美联储发行的纸币，在这张纸上刻着如下语句：&这张票据可用于所有债务，是在私人和公共领域流通的法定货币&，除了这个&美联储票据&之外，任何其他东西都不能算作货币，不管愿不愿意，所有的供货商和债权人都必须接受这些票据。

Article 7. In order to meet the needs of UMEMs by banks and other financial institutions on her land, an IMCO member can obtain UMEMs either by way of exchange for them at MEMB with gold at the rate of 1 ton gold to 1 million UMEMs, or by way of borrowing money in UMEMs at basic rate of interest set by the board of executors.

第七条各成员为满足境内银行和非银行金融机构对&货币兑换中介单位&的需要，可按每吨黄金兑换一百万&有眉目&的比率用黄金从&货币兑换中介银行&兑取，或者，可按理事会所决定的基准利率向&货币兑换中介银行&申请&有眉目&贷款。

Article 7. In order to meet the needs of UMEMs by banks and other financial institutions on her land, an IMCO member can obtain UMEMs either by way of exchange for them at MEMB with gold at the rate of 1 ton gold to 1 million UMEMs, or by way of borrowing money in UMEMs at base rate of interest set by the board of executors.

第七条各成员为满足境内银行和非银行金融机构对&货币兑换中介单位&的需要，可按每吨黄金兑换一百万&有眉目&的比率用黄金从&货币兑换中介银行&兑取，或者，可按理事会所决定的基准利率向&货币兑换中介银行&申请&有眉目&贷款。

Article 6. The IMCO members have committed themselves to obligate, by domestic legislation, all natural and legal persons on their lands to pay and accept UMEMs for trans-territory transactions within all their territories as valid means of payment, means of clearing and reserve assets, which can be freely converted into their domestic currencies respectively, each UMEM equalling one gram of gold.

第六条各成员承诺自行立法要求本国、本地区法人和自然人在本组织成员的地域范围内接受和使用&货币兑换中介单位&作为跨国、跨地区交往的有效支付手段、结算手段和储藏手段，并保证每1货币兑换中介单位任何时候都能自由地兑换为价值1克金的当地货币。

Article 6. The IMCO members have committed themselves to obligate, by domestic legislation, all natural and legal persons on their lands to pay and accept UMEMs for trans-territory transactions within all their territories as valid means of payment, means of cleaning and reserve assets, which can be freely converted into their domestic currencies respectively, each UMEM equalling one gram of gold.

第六条各成员承诺自行立法要求本国、本地区法人和自然人在本组织成员的地域范围内接受和使用&货币兑换中介单位&作为跨国、跨地区交往的有效支付手段、结算手段和储藏手段，并保证每1货币兑换中介单位任何时候都能自由地兑换为价值1克金的当地货币。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了