货币

Substitution to banknote in circulation and the reserves of Central Bank, it will have a certain impact on seignorage of Central Bank.

电子货币的广泛使用使得货币乘数的可测性和可控性受到影响，因此利率将成为未来货币政策中介目标的主流选择。

With the development of domestic economies, the foreign reserves of the non-international-currency- issuing nations rise sharply, pushing the liquidity preferences to reverse. And if the international-currency-issuing nations slide into recession, the best policy option will be to use the oligopolistic international currency system to compete for seignorage in order to sustain domestic economic development.

随着本国经济的发展，不掌握国际货币发行权国家的外汇储备快速增长，促使原本强烈的流动性偏好发生趋势性逆转，而此时如果掌握国际货币发行权的国家经济陷入衰退，其最佳的策略将转向利用寡头垄断型的国际货币体系来争夺国际铸币税以维持本国经济发展。

The coming into vogue of investigations concerning the relation between the "natural rate of interest" and the "money rate of interest," the ascendancy of the monetary theory of the trade cycle, and the entire demolition of the doctrine of the simultaneousness and evenness of the changes in the purchasing power of money were marks of the new tenor of economic thought.

关於「自然利率」与「货币利率」之间的关系之研究成为风尙，商业循环的货币理论之占优势，以及货币购买力同时而一致的变动这一学说的完全放弃，是经济思想新趋势的一些标志。

The inflation showed the increase of paper money and stagnancy of market and lost of government credit and the rise of price.

金代纸币交钞的发行使用早于金属货币与金代纸币交钞的恶性通货膨胀是金代货币制度与中国其他封建朝代货币制度相比所具有的特点。

First of all, we test the stationary of the time series with the Dickey-Fuller's unit roots and D.W. tests. Secondly, we examine thecointegration of the long-run demand for money in China. Thirdly, we construct the error-correction model of the demand for money with M1 and GNP data by means of Grange analysis methods. Finally, we incorporate more factors to construct the cointegration model of the demand for money.

首先，我们运用DW初步判断法及Dickey-Fuller单位根检验检验了相关时间序列的平稳性；其次，运用协整分析中国的货币长期需求，并运用M1与GNP数据建立货币需求的误差自修正模式；最后，我们还将分析包括更多因素的货币需求协整模式。

A part of the explanation has been the ability of the People's Bank of China to sterilise the impact of the country's enormous accumulation of foreign currency reserves upon the monetary base or "reserve money"– holdings of commercial banks at the central bank.

对这种现象的一种解释是，中国央行有能力冲销中国积聚的庞大外汇储备对基础货币的影响。基础货币是指商业银行存放在央行的货币。

Marx says in Volume I,"Exclusion of money from circulation would also exclude absolutely its self-expansion as capital, while accumulation of a hoard in the shape of commodities would be sheer tomfoolery."

在第一卷中，马克思指出，"把货币贮藏起来不加入流通，同把货币作为资本而增值，恰恰是相反的两回事，从货币贮藏的意义上进行商品积累，是十足的愚蠢行为。"

Expert analysis, the total monetary policy to maintain stability, and efforts to narrow money and broad money supply growth is maintained at 18% above the deposit reserve ratio to adjust the timing of the selection policy should be careful, being the open market operations to repurchase efforts should be appropriate.

专家分析，总的货币政策要保持稳定，并努力狭义货币和广义货币供应量增长保持在18 ％以上的存款准备金率调整的时机选择的政策应该小心，是公开市场操作，以回购的努力应该是适当的。

Treasury bond market, the interest- rate- transmission-effect-testing model has significant parameter estimation, displaying undeclinable influence of monetary policy on interest rate latent factors, negative effect on output and inflation, positive effect on short-term interest rate, and negative effect on long-term interest rate due to inflation expectation decreasing under positive shock of monetary policy.

对于美国为代表的成熟金融市场，利率效应检验的利率期限结构模型参数估计具有高显著性，货币政策对利率潜在因素的影响无法忽略，对产出和通货膨胀都产生负效应，对短期利率产生正向影响、对长期利率则产生负向影响——因为货币政策正冲击显示了货币当局对通货膨胀率的调控态度，长期利率会因预期通货膨胀的下滑而降低。

As a country with an ancient civilization, China has used money over four thousand years that takes up an important part in world's money history and it cultivates a rich and varied money culture.

作为一个历史悠久的文明古国，中国使用货币有四千多年的历史，在世界货币文化史上举足轻重，丰富多彩的货币文化也是优秀传统文化之一。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了