责任

So a perfect procedure of limitation of liability for maritime claims is a guarantee for the protection of the benefits of the responsible party.Special Maritime Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China has provided the procedure for the responsible party to constitute the limitation fund, the procedure for the claiments to registrate their claims and the procedure to distribute the limitation fund.

中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》结合我国《海商法》的规定对设立海事赔偿责任限制基金程序、债权登记及受偿程序作了比较详细的规定，它是我国第一部专门针对海事赔偿责任限制程序做出规定的法律，在它开始实施之前，海事赔偿责任限制案件的审理要依据《民事诉讼法》的相关规定来进行，造成了审理上的很多不便。

First, the author gives brief account of the origin of strict liability, then to find out if the system of strict liability or the system similar to it exist in the criminal laws of Common Law System"s countries, HongKong area, Civil Law System"s countries and China, so to learn the world-wide condition of the legislation of strict liability sketchily.

然后，通过对严格责任立法的世界整体现状考察，得出结论认为英美法系国家及香港地区存在该制度，大陆法系部分国家的一些特别刑法规定中亦有该制度的痕迹，中国大陆刑法中是否存在严格责任制度或相类似规定制度还有待于对严格责任的含义予以明晰。

As far as contributing factors are concerned, besides the breaching of solidarity obligation. Unreal solidarity obligation., guaranty of solidum joint security, etc.

关于连带责任的成因，论文认为在连带债务，不可分债务，并存的债务承担、不真正连带债务、连带责任保证、共同保证等情形，于债权未获实现时，均可产生连带责任。

Processors should take the liability in directive misplays,which is newly issued by Legal Explanations on Compensations for Personal Injuries.Such a creative legal formation is of great importance to the Civil law and the reconstruction on the statutable offense.

定作人指示过失责任是《人身损害赔偿司法解释》新规定的一种侵权责任形态，其对《民法通则》关于&侵权的民事责任&的规定是一种积极的补充和完善，对我国特殊侵权行为体系的构建和民法典的制定具有重要的创新价值。

Cyber-security legal liability of one company refers to the unbeneficial sequence the company should burden, when it endangers state security, infringes consumer security, or even hurt other entities' benefits caused by violation of related statutes and regulations.

公司在现代经济中的核心作用决定了公司网络安全关系着国家安全，公司因网络安全事件危害国家安全，应该承担相应的行政责任和刑事责任，同时公司高管人员应该承担个人法律责任。

This article advocated that the protection of limited liability would be deprived when the controlling shareholders abuse the controlling power in the company under the "abuse theory".Through the unctional anylisys of the proportionally unlimited liability scheme,this paper proposed that,facing the non-voluntary creditor,the proportionally unlimited liability is able to achieve the efficiency and fairness.

本文主张以&权利滥用&理论为依据，对控制行为构成滥用的股东实行有限责任的排除适用，并在对比例无限责任制度的功能进行考察的基础上，提出在面对公司的非自愿债权人时，对股东适用比例无限责任能够做到效率性与公平性的统一。

It analyzes allocation ofburden of proof in law of international transport of goods,scope of dam-ages and limits of MTO's liability for localized or unlocalized loss or dam-age,loss from delayed delivery,consequential business loss,and producesnecessity and feasibility of the legislative perfection of compensation forloss resulting from delayed delivery for goods.

第五章为多式运输经营人赔偿责任限制，分析了国际运输法中的举证责任分配，多式运输经营人定域化和非定域化货损、迟延损害、间接性商业损失赔偿范围及责任限制，并指出完善迟延损害赔偿制度的必要性和可行性。

The Carrier shall have liberty to carry Goods declared by any belligerent to be contraband and persons belonging to or intending to join the armed forces or governmental service of any belligerent; to sail armed or unarmed and with or without convoy; and to comply with any orders, requests or directionsas to loading, departure, arrival, routes, ports of call, stoppage, discharge, destination, delivery or otherwise, howsoever given by the government of any nation or department thereof or any Person acting or purporting to act with the authority of such government or of any department thereof, or by anycommittee or Person having, under the terms of the war risk insurance on the Vessel, the right to give such orders, requests or directions.

运送人有责任运送被任何交战国和属於或即将加入交战国军队或政府的个人称为违禁品的货物；有责任在武装或非武装、有或没有护航舰船的情况下进行航运；有责任遵守有关装货、离港、进港、航线、停靠港口、停船、卸货、目的地、交货或其它的命令、要求和指示，不管这些命令、要求和指示来自哪个国家的政府或政府部门，或代表或声称代表该政府或政府部门行使职权的个人，或船只的战争风险保险条款中规定有权做出这些命令、要求或指示的组织或个人。

Any clause, covenant, or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in this Convention, shall be null and void and of no effect.

运输合同中的任何条款、约定或协议，凡是解除承运人或船舶对由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条规定的责任和义务，因而引起货物或关于货物的灭失或损害的责任的，或以下同于本公约的规定减轻这种责任的，则一律无效。

New science technique adduces new request to the financial responsibility audit at the appliance of the enterprise, especially in recent years a criticize stateowned enterprise responsible person to violate the rules occurrence, adduce new request to the financial responsibility audit more.

都反映出传统的国有企业经济责任审计已不能适应当今的时代发展，为此我们应在立足于现有的基础上推陈出新，本文主要对国有企业经济责任审计的发展以及其局限性进行分析，阐述进行国有企业经济责任审计的必要性及对策新思维。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。