责任

From the view of value base, responsible government means to anthropomorphize the responsible value, with fulfilling the responsibility of morality, law, politics and administration.

从价值基础而言，责任政府意味着现代政府对于道德责任、法律责任、政治责任和行政责任等政府责任内涵的全面承担，进而实现这种多维责任价值的行政人格化。

First of all, general introduction to environment infringement is offered, then the civil liability system of environment infringement discussed from the following respective aspects: principles of liability judgment, important elements, causes of counterplea and the forms of liability, finally some suggestions of the improvement of the civil liability system of the environment infringement law in China.

在文章的第二部分，笔者首先对过错责任原则及在环境损害民事责任中适用过错责任原则的缺陷进行了分析，接着介绍了在修正过错责任原则的过程中发展起来的几种学说，进而提出在环境损害民事责任中应适用无过失责任原则，并论述了适用该原则的理由，最后考察了我国相关法律对环境损害民事责任适用无过失责任原则的规定。

In the contract system, the author discusses the concept, the characteristics, the subject, the object and the content of the contract system of liability insurance of environmental tort, and researches some important problems, such as the compensate scope, the liability limit and theinsurance cost, and so on. In the compensate system, the author study the insurance liability , The compensate liability and its bearing, the counterclaim and settlement of claims and the disposal of dissention of liability insurance of environmental tort. In the reinsurance system, the author mainly focuses on the concept and function, the reinsurance organization and the reinsurance contract of reinsurance system of environmental tort liability.

合同制度中，笔者论述了环境侵权责任保险合同的概念、特征，环境侵权责任保险合同的主体、客体和内容，并对环境侵权责任保险合同中的赔偿范围、责任限额、费率等重要问题进行了探讨；赔付制度中，研究了环境侵权责任保险的保险责任，环境侵权责任保险的赔付责任及其承担，环境侵权责任保险的索赔及理赔，环境侵权责任保险纠纷的处理；再保险法律制度中研究了环境侵权责任保险再保险的概念和功能，环境侵权责任保险再保险组织，环境侵权责任保险再保险合同。

And the problems of collective and corporate responsibility are more and more of the epochal character.

责任本身是一个结构或关系多变的概念，有不同的种类和层次；在责任分配模型中，核心是标准化责任和描述责任分配以及集体责任简化为个人责任的问题，个人责任对於科技的实践和发展是至关重要的，集体责任和共同责任的问题也变得越来越有时代性。

Firstly, a probe into the dual implications of burden of proof and the expurgation of its intrinsic meaning and result meaning is burden of proof in applied conditions of burden of proof .We should make a definition of applied conditions of burden of proof .The thesis makes a research into the internal structure of applied conditions of burden of proof so as to clearly show the triple contents of its internal structure. In addition, the thesis makes a probe into its regulating mechanism. It points out clearly that applied conditions of burden of proof must ensure the correct application and cautious application of burden of proof.

首先，通过对证明责任的双重含义进行考辨，廓清证明责任的两层含义中本质意义抑或结果意义乃是我所说的证明责任适用条件中的证明责任，对于证明责任适用条件的含义进行界定；继而，文章对证明责任适用条件的内部构造进行研究，指明其内部构造的三重内容；进而文章对证明责任适用条件的约束机制进行了探讨，明确指出，证明责任适用条件必须能够保障证明责任的正确适用与谨慎适用。

Considering that the definition of CSR is controversial, and different school has different opinion about the connotation and extension of it, this chapter first probes into the origin of CSR, and lay out different parlance about it, in order to rendering the standpoint of this dissertation impersonal, impartial and scientific; then according to the etymology and locution of CSR, comments on these parlance about it by means of logic discriminance; finally, by appraising the different theories, brings forward the appropriate definition for CSR in my own conceit, that is: CSR is the obligation for corporation to maintaining and enhancing the social commonweal besides its duty to pursuit profit-maximum for shareholders.

这一问题。鉴于企业社会责任是一个争议颇大的概念，其内涵和外延在不同学者的心目中大相径庭，为使本文的企业社会责任观尽量立基于客观、公正和科学之上，本章首先回到企业社会责任产生的本土之中，穷源竟委，对企业社会责任的不同界说进行展示；其次，依"企业社会责任"的语源和语境，运用逻辑学的判别方法，对各种观点展开评析；最后，斟酌各家之说，提出一个自以为妥帖的企业社会责任概念，这就是：企业社会责任乃指企业在谋求股东利润最大化之外所负有的维护和增进社会公益的义务。

In the second part, this article gives descriptions about the effects ofpresumptions on the Burden of Proof in detail in the civil law and common law. In thecivil law, as a special provision of Burden of Proof, the presumption of law make theburden of production and the Burden of Proof shift to the adversary. In the commonlaw, there is a difficult wok to make a choice between shifting the burden ofproduction and shifting both of the burden of production and the burden ofpersuasion.

第二部分，就两大法系中推定对举证责任产生什么样的影响分别作了论述，大陆法系认为法律推定是一种特殊的举证责任规范，它转移结果意义上的举证责任和行为意义上的举证责任；英美法系法律推定在推定是只转移提供证据的责任还是及转移提供证据的责任又转移说服责任之间徘徊。

Chapter One provides an overview of the precondiction of responsibility of international organization, and the main contents include the definitions of international organization and its relationship vis-à-vis state and the legal basis of the responsibility of international organization. Chapter Two discusses the constituting elements of the responsibility of international organization. i.e. the international wrongful act of international organization, and the attribution of the conduct attributable to international organization. Chapter Three deals with the undertaking of responsibility. It explores two aspect: the responsibility undertaken by the international organization per se and the responsibily undertaken by the member states of the international organizations. This charpter aslo provides an overview of the content of responsibility and the circumstaces precluding wrongfulness. Chapter Four deals with the Future of the responsibility of international organization. This Chapter discusses the present situation and the future of the international law of international organization responsibility, but aslo gives some discussion on the issue of the responsibility of the non-governmental organizaions.

第一章"国际组织责任的前提问题"主要内容包括国际组织的界定及其与国家在承担责任上差异以及责任的法律依据；，责任的法律依据；第二章"国际组织责任的构成要件"论述了国际组织责任的两个构成要件，即国际不法行为和行为可归责于国际组织；第三章"国际组织责任的承担"主要论述了三个方面的内容，一是在国际组织的不法行为引起责任的情况下，其成员国是否以及如何对第三方承担国际责任及责任形式，二是承担责任的内容，三是责任的免除情形；第四章"对国际组织责任法律制度的展望"主要对国际组织责任法的未来进行了简要的阐述，并且对非政府组织的法律责任问题进行了简单的展望。

This article first analyze the general theory of legal responsibiltiy from nomological aspect, build the basic frame of economic law "responsibility theory" based on law responsibility. Through expatiating the concept、character、element and type of economic law responsibility, the article aims to break the sorting limit of traditional "responsibilty theory" and show the speciality of economic law responsibility. Through analyzing two theories of economic law responsibility deeply, it provides theory security for the independence of economic law responsibility. It further shows that establishing the independence of economic law responsibility is the requirement of economic law's development and improvement, is the requirement of adapting the new situation and regulating market economy system, is the foundation of buliding commonweal litigation system and punishing the illegal body.

本文首先从法理的角度分析了法律责任的一般理论，并以法律责任为剖析原型构建经济法责任理论的基本框架，通过对经济法责任的概念、特征、构成要素及类型的具体阐述，力图打破传统责任理论划分的局限性，以求凸现经济法责任的独特性；通过对经济法责任的两大理论基础的深入分析，为经济法责任的独立性提供理论保障；进而表明确立经济法责任的独立地位是经济法发展和完善的要求，是适应新形式、规范市场经济秩序的需要，是建立经济公益诉讼机制、有效追究经济违法主体责任的前提和基础。

Interregional industry transfer presents the coexistence of advantages and disadvantages, and the protection of ecological environment is a wish of common people as well as the key responsibility that government should undertake. Therefore, government should bear the ecological and environmental duty besides the political, economic, policy, legal, moral and fiduciary duties during the process of promoting and continuing industry transfer. Otherwise, the function and responsibility of government is not only rebated, but also the intrinsic positive influence of industry transfer will be restricted greatly.

由于区际产业转移是利弊共存的，由于实践中保护生态环境不仅是人民群众的愿望、且也是政府理应承担的重要的责任；因而在促进和承接产业转移的过程中，政府除应担负起相应的政治责任、经济责任、政策责任、法律责任、道德责任、诚信责任外，还应在生态责任和环境责任方面有所作为；否则，政府的作用与责任不仅会大打折扣，而且产业转移的内在积极影响也必将会受到极大的制约。

By using competitive adsorption of activated carbom to remove unfavorable influence of carbon in carbonaceous gold concentrate on leaching process, the leaching rate of gold concentrate can be improved to 88% as compared with 10%by direct cyanidation.

本文论述了利用活性炭竞争吸附作用，消除含炭金精矿中炭在浸出过程中的影响，使金精矿的浸出率可由直接氰化的10％提高到88％。

The only thing you're ever gonna be king of is King of the Stupids!

你只配做傻瓜的国王！