贡赋

The Prince Bo o k 5 Ho w C itie s o r Prin c ip a litie s Wh ic h Live d u n d e r Th e ir O w n La ws b e fo re Th e y We re O c c up ie d Sh o uld Be Ad m in iste re d When those states that are acquired, as has been said, are accustomed to living by their own laws and in liberty, there are three modes for those who want to hold them: first, ruin them; second, go there to live personally; third, let them live by their laws, taking tribute from them and creating within them an oligarchical state which keeps them friendly to you.

But in republics there is greater life， greater hatred， more desire for revenge； the memory of their 34 第五章 Book 5 第五章如何治理那些被占领之前有着自己法律的城邦和君主国如果被占领的国家如前所述，习惯于遵循自己的法律，而且是自由的，那么，想把它们掌握住，有三种办法：第一种是将它们夷为平地；第二种是您御驾亲临，驻扎在彼处；第三种办法是由着那儿的居民沿用他们的法律，对他们收取贡赋，建立一个对您友好的寡头政府统治他们。

In the economic aspect, the early state preserved rural commune, the tribute and corvee system, and the reassignment economy. In the political aspect, the early state preserved the fathership government, the hereditary rules, and the indirect domination. Feudalism and Slavishness were two prospects for early states.

本文还从马克思的亚细亚理论出发，从相关的历史材料中归纳出早期国家以下几个方面的特征：1在经济上，早期国家具有农村公社、贡赋与劳役制度、再分配经济等特征；2在政治上，早期国家具有父权制统治形式、世袭制政治制度、间接统治方式等特征；3早期国家的转型有两个基本的方向——封建制国家和奴隶制国家。

The most famous of all Byzantine units, made up wholly of Scandinavians and Englishmen, The Varangian guard were initially a military levy sent to the Byzantine emperor from the 'Rus' which are now a permanent unit often used as royal bodyguards.

北欧卫队为拜占庭帝国禁军编制中最为显赫的部队，全部由斯堪的纳维亚和英格兰士兵组成。该部队最初起源於不列颠总督向罗马皇帝缴纳贡赋，搜集各地男童自幼训练后加入帝国禁军。

It is, he says,"a document of the tribute system of the empire", with pieces of turquoise from mines that were over 1,000 miles apart, white teeth carved from shells found on both coasts of Mexico, and red details made out of Spondylus, a thorny oyster shell found 60 metres below the surface of the sea.

Neil MacGregor说：&这幅画表明了阿兹特克帝国的贡赋体系&，因为这幅画中，镶嵌的绿松石产自1000公里之外的地方，白牙由采自墨西哥东、西海岸的贝壳雕成，红色细部取自一种带刺的海菊蛤属牡蛎壳，而这种牡蛎生长于海面下60米深的地方。

On the surface, and this was not the French, in English among the country's exactions, when indeed it was that "to see the huge British subjects to pay tribute, after living in France should be considered blessed."

表面上看，此时是英国而非法国处于国家的横征暴敛之中，当时也的确有人认为&看到英国臣民缴纳的巨额贡赋之后，应该认为生活在法国真是大幸。&

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。