负荷的

Base Load 基本负荷 Base load is that portion of a building load demand which is constant.

基本负荷是指建筑负荷需求量中不变的那一部分，是构成负荷需求曲线的基数。

From the burden increased aspect clarify set up the necessity of station, then pass to drew up to set up generalize of transformer substation and line direction to consider, and pass to analysis of carry the data, safety, economic and dependable consider and made sure the 110 kV, 35 kV, 10 kV and station use electricity of lord connect line, then again through burden calculation and power supply scope made sure main number, capacity and model number of the transformer set, also in the meantime make sure the station uses capacity and model number of transformer, end, according to biggest keep on work electric current and short circuit calculating of calculation result, to the high pressure Rong break a machine, insulate a switch, female line, insulate son and wear a wall set tube, electric voltage with each other feeling machine, electric current with each other the feeling machine carried on choose a type, thus completed a 110 kV electricity a part of design.

本文首先根据任务书上所给系统与线路及所有负荷的参数，分析负荷发展趋势。从负荷增长方面阐明了建站的必要性，然后通过对拟建变电站的概括以及出线方向来考虑，并通过对负荷资料的分析，安全，经济及可靠性方面考虑，确定了110kV ，35kV ，10kV 以及站用电的主接线，然后又通过负荷计算及供电范围确定了主变压器台数，容量及型号，同时也确定了站用变压器的容量及型号，最后，根据最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，对高压熔断器，隔离开关，母线，绝缘子和穿墙套管，电压互感器，电流互感器进行了选型，然后进行配电装置和平面布置的设计以及防雷的设计，从而完成了110kV 电气一次部分的设计。

In this model three objectives are included to eliminate the congestion, they are the least number of interruptive consumers, the least number of interruptive loads and the least total cost that the operator of autonomous system pays to interruptive loads.

给出了一种可中断负荷参与的阻塞管理多目标模型，该模型同时考虑了可中断负荷用户数最少、可中断负荷量最少和独立系统操作员支付给可中断负荷的总成本最少三个目标来消除阻塞。

The paper presents a new method for short-term load forecasting, which applies cluster analysis technique of pattern recognition principle to calculate the similar coefficients between the future day and past days, then chooses the most similar days according to these coefficients and uses linear extrapolation method to predict the load of future day.

短期负荷预测是各供电分公司调度部门的基础性工作，96点日负荷预测采用模式识别中的聚类分析方法，对影响负荷的不同相关因素建立历史映射数据库，在不同日之间计算相关度而得到相似日，并在相似日的基础上采用线性外推法得到预测日的对应负荷。

For the principal component, namely the voltage stability analysis function, three kinds of nodal injection power modes are defined, i.e., the random varying direction of load, the response setting direction of generator and the ratio of active power component to reactive power component in load power, and a continuous power flow model that is easy to utilize and comprehend by dispatching center is built, based on this model three kinds of formulae to calculate the sensitivities of loading margin with respect to three kinds of nodal injection power modes are derived respectively, and on this basis the influence of nodal injection power mode on loading margin can be analyzed in order that the voltage collapse can be avoided by fast implementing early warning of voltage stability and adopting effective corrective control.

文章针对N-EMS的主要组成部分--电压稳定分析功能，定义了3类节点注入功率模式：负荷的随机变化方向、发电机的响应设定方向、负荷的有功和无功比例，建立了易于被调度中心运用和理解的连续潮流模型，在此模型基础上分别推导得到负荷裕度对3类模式的灵敏度公式，据此分析节点注入功率模式对负荷裕度的影响，以便能够快速进行电压稳定预警和采取有效的校正控制来避免电压崩溃。

Hence, based on cognitive load theory, cognitive theory of multimedia learning, and existing research results, this dissertation investigated the instruction design for managing extraneous, intrinsic and germane cognitive load, as well as the moderate influences of material character and learners\' individual differences. According to existing and current research results, the author integrated the forementioned two theories and advanced an engender and outcome model of cognitive load in multimedia learning.

因此，本研究以认知负荷理论和多媒体学习的认知理论为理论基础，在已有研究成果基础上，探讨优化控制外在、内在和相关三种认知负荷的教学设计方法，以及学习材料和个体差异在其中所起的调节作用，并根据已有研究成果和本研究的结果对认知负荷理论和多媒体学习的认知理论进行整合与发展，构建了多媒体学习中认知负荷的产生与结果模型。

Accurate load forecasting is helpful to planning generators starting and stopping in the interior of the electrical networks economically and reasonably, preserving the security and stability of power system, reducing the unnecessary circumvolving repertory capacity, making planning to overhaul the units in reason, ensuring the normal production and life of the society, effectively reducing the cost of generating ...

本文在探讨了电力系统负荷的组成、特点，并分析比较了常用的预测方法优缺点的基础之上，采用了灰色预测法与线性回归法相结合的方法建立了中长期负荷预测模型，把负荷预测工作分为两部分：即用灰色预测法进行相关因素的预测和用线性回归法进行负荷预测。

The paper summarizes theories and practices concerning data mining at the beginning. According to actual conditions of data forecasting, the paper particularizes two basic tasks in data mining, namely, exploring data analysis and forecasting modeling for classification, and employs them in load forecasting practically. Then a special short-term load-forecasting arithmetic is forwarded based on the former work, which can efficiently take into account weather effects on the load, and hence improve the accuracy of load forecasting.

本文概述了数据挖掘技术的有关内容；并针对负荷预测的实际情况，详细介绍了数据挖掘中的两个基本任务：探索性数据分析和用于分类的预测建模，并将其运用于负荷预测之中；根据所得结果提出了一种基于数据挖掘的短期负荷预测算法，该算法能够有效的考虑气象因素对负荷的影响，从而提高了负荷预测的精度。

Through the flue gas and air characteristic analysis in supercharged boiler,the results showed that the value of parameters would increase with the increase of fuel consumption.And volume heat load of the furnace, fuel consumption, heat change between flue gas and convective heating surface and evaporation value would increase with the increase of compression ratio.The heat calculation would be different because of dissimilar thermal calculation in the turbo-compressor when the boiler load was changed.As the boiler load increased,heat loss in the turbo-compressor would increase and the efficiency of the boiler would decrease.The results of the boiler start-up simulation showed that the time of start-up would decrease with the increase of flue consumption ,but instantaneous pressure amplitude would increase.Steam water"s dymamic diversification would be more complex than flue gas"s,and dynamic characters of their parameters would be changed due to different boiler load and disturbance variable,which was shown by results of the simulation when boiler load was changed.

通过分析增压锅炉内的空气、烟气参数特性，发现随着锅炉负荷的增加，空气和烟气的各项参数值都相应的增加；炉膛容积热负荷、锅炉的燃料负荷随着增压比的提高成比例增加；随着增压比的增大，烟气与对流受热面的换热增加，蒸发量随之增加；由于涡轮增压机组在不同负荷下的热力计算不同而造成增压锅炉在不同负荷下的热平衡计算的不同；锅炉增压机组的总的热损失随着锅炉负荷的增加而增加，而增压锅炉的热效率随着锅炉负荷的增加而减少；锅炉启动模拟仿真结果中发现，锅炉启动时燃料量增加，锅炉的启动时间就会减少，但是瞬时升压速度会增加；而动态负荷变化模拟仿真结果中发现，锅炉汽水侧的变化相比烟气侧更为复杂，且在不同负荷和不同扰动量下，烟气侧和汽水侧的重要参数动态特性是不同的。

From the burden increased aspect clarify set upthe necessity of station, then pass to drew up to set up generalizeof transformer substation and line direction to consider, and passto analysis of carry the data, safety, economic and dependableconsider and made sure the 110 kV, 35 kV, 10 kV and station useelectricity of lord connect line, then again through burdencalculation and power supply scope made sure main number, capacityand model number of the transformer set, also in the meantime makesure the station uses capacity and model number of transformer,end, according to biggest keep on work electric current and shortcircuit calculating of calculation result, to the high pressureRong break a machine, insulate a switch, female line, insulate sonand wear a wall set tube, electric voltage with each other feelingmachine, electric current with each other the feeling machinecarried on choose a type, thus completed a 110 kV electricity apart of design.

本文首先根据任务书上所给系统与线路及所有负荷的参数，分析负荷发展趋势。从负荷增长方面阐明了建站的必要性，然后通过对拟建变电站的概括以及出线方向来考虑，并通过对负荷资料的分析，安全，经济及可靠性方面考虑，确定了110kV ，35kV ，10kV 以及站用电的主接线，然后又通过负荷计算及供电范围确定了主变压器台数，容量及型号，同时也确定了站用变压器的容量及型号，最后，根据最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，对高压熔断器，隔离开关，母线，绝缘子和穿墙套管，电压互感器，电流互感器进行了选型，然后进行配电装置和平面布置的设计以及防雷的设计，从而完成了110kV 电气一次部分的设计。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。