负荷

Load forecasting for power system is one of the important task of power utilities. Accurate load forecasting is helpful to planning generators starting and stopping in the interior of the electrical networks economically and reasonably, preserving the security and stability of power system, reducing the unnecessary circumvolving repertory capacity, making planning to overhaul the units in reason, ensuring the normal production and life of the society, effectively reducing the cost of generating electricity, increasing the economical and social benefit.

电力负荷预测是供电部门的重要工作之一，准确的负荷预测，可以经济合理地安排电网内部发电机的启停，保持电网运行的安全稳定性，减少不必要的旋转储备容量，合理安排机组检修计划，保证社会的正常生产和生活，有效地降低发电成本，提高经济效益和社会效益。

For Diesel/Gas dual-fuel engine, commixing combustion of gas fuel and diesel in cylinder results in some problems, as economical performance and emissions of engine become worse at light load and knocking combustion at heavy load and so on.

由于柴油和气体燃料的不同物化和燃烧特性，给双燃料发动机带来一些问题，如小负荷时发动机的经济性和排放不好，大负荷工况下易爆震等。

According to the system demand, programs to calculate the amount of agricultural machinery were designed and realized. Functions, such as operating period compartmentalizing automatically, operating loads calculating in each operating period and operating load adjusting were also realized. At the same time, program for making farm machinery maintenance plan was also design and realized based on the calculation method.

9结合系统需要，设计开发了生产率法、能量法农业机器配备程序，实现了计算机自动划分作业阶段、各作业阶段负荷值的计算以及作业负荷的调整等功能，同时设计开发了基于计算法的农业机器技术保养计划制定程序。

The loading rates of NH〓-N removal for aerobic reactor and NO〓-N denitrified for the first anoxic reactor are 1. 01 and 0.94kg/m〓.

好氧反应器的NH〓-N去除负荷为1.01kg/m〓。d，第一级缺氧反应器NO〓-N反硝化负荷为0.94kg/m〓。d。

The results indicates, with the same level of other parameters, the TN removal can reach 80.0% and 70.9% with the control of dissolved oxygen under the levels of 0.3-0.6mg/l and 0.6-0.9mg/l, respectively; the TN removal upgrades from 80%, 83% to 84.1% with the decrease of sludge load in the system from 0.1, 0.07, to 0.05gCOD/gMLSS·d; the nitrogen removal only reaches 58% when C/N is 4, but can reach more than 80% when C/N is at or over 7, which indicates that the TN removal increases when higher C/N ratio; when HRT increases from 12h, 18h to 24h, the TN removal also increases from 78.6%, 82.0% to 83.0%; the TN removal average in the system increases from 75.6%, 78.5% to 83.0% with the increase of sludge age from 18d, 20d to 24d; the low oxygen conditions in the modified Orbal oxidation ditch model do not decrease the effect of COD removal, and the dissolved oxygen gradient with the distribution of 0-2-1mg/l in the system ensures the COD removal reaching the range of 80%-86%; and the phosphate removal, however, is not good enough, which varies from 40% to 50%, even lower than 35% in occasional situations, and the phosphate concentration in the outflow varies in the range of 1.28-2.38mg/l, which dissatisfies the discharge standard with the level of 1.0mg/l.

试验结果表明，在其它参数相同的情况下，将外沟道的溶解氧分别控制在0.3～0.6mg/l 和0.6～0.9mg/l 两个水平，外沟道中TN 去除率分别为80.0%和70.9%；系统中污泥负荷分别为0.1gCOD/gMLSS·d、0.07 gCOD/gMLSS·d、0.05 gCOD/gMLSS·d时，随着污泥负荷的降低，TN 的去除率却是上升的，分别为80%、83%、84.1%；本试验中，当C/N 为4时，仅能获得58%的脱氮率，当C/N 为7 或更高时脱氮率能达到80%以上，进水C/N 比值越高，总氮的去除率越高；在本试验中采取的水力停留分别为12h、18h、24h 时，外沟道中的总氮去除率随水力停留时间的增加而增加，分别为78.6%、82.0%和83.0%；当系统泥龄分别为18d、20d、24d 时，系统平均TN 去除率分别为75.6%、78.5%、83.0%，随着泥龄的增大TN 的去除率增加；改良型奥贝尔模型的低氧条件并没有降低COD 的去除效果，系统0-2-1mg/l的溶解氧梯度分布使得COD 去除率一般都在80%～86%之间；本试验中磷的去除效果不好，去除率基本在40%～50%之间，有的甚至低于35%，出水磷的浓度在1.28～2.38mg/l 之间，低于1.0mg/l 的出水排放标准。

Circulating fluidizing bed ; load characteristics ; low load

循环流化床；负荷特性；低负荷

Microgrids are small low or medium voltage electrical network of small modular distributed generators. A microgrid system can operate in grid-connected or islanded mode, and hence increase the reliability of energy supplies.

微网是一种可将各种分布式电源组合起来为当地负荷提供电能的中、低压小型电网，具有并网和孤岛两种运行模式，能提高负荷侧的供电可靠性。

With the development of the state power system, the electric network management modernizes day by day and load forecasting is one of the most important tasks of the modern power system operation research, which arouses increasing more and more interests from researchers and is a major foundation for the research of power system planning and power system economic operation and automatic dispatch.

随着我国电力事业的发展，电网管理日趋现代化，电力负荷预测问题的研究也越来越引起人们的注意，成为现代电力系统运行研究中的重要课题之一，它是研究电力系统规划问题、电力系统经济运行及其调度自动化的重要依据，因此，寻求合适的负荷预测方法以期最大限度的提高预测精度具有重要的应用价值。

The results indicate that ① the reactor with sulfur particle size of 2.8-5.6 mm can effectively remove nitrate from nitrified leachate up to a concentration of 400 mg/L NO - 3 N at a hydraulic retention time of 5.71h;② the minimum hydraulic retention time necessary for complete denitrification depends on sulfur particle size and influent nitrate concentration;③the maximum volume...

结果表明，当HRT为5.71h，硫磺粒径为2.8－5.6mm时，最高处理浓度（以NO－3－N计）达400mg／L。达到完全反硝化所需的最小停留时间取决于硫磺粒径及进水硝酸盐浓度。硫磺粒径为2.8－5.6mm，5.6－11.2mm，11.2－16mm时，NO－3－N最高容积负荷分别为594，278，175.4g／（m3d）。NO－3－N最大表面负荷约为0.68g／（m2d），是自养反硝化的控制因素，与硫磺粒径无关。

However, the biomass of nitrifying biofilm could only increase slightly.

水力负荷对脱氮效果有很大的影响，低水力负荷能提高脱氮率。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。