负电荷

A virus is nigatively charged above its isoelectric point.

病毒在它的等电离点以上时带负电荷。

The major results of the work are summarized as follows: In the tested pH values, the ratios of positive charge densities to the negative charge densities of latosol particles were in the range of 0.4 to 0.8, the Po./Ne. of lateritic red soil particles were in the range of 0.08 to 0.22, whereas the Po.

主要研究结果如下：在测试pH条件下，砖红壤悬液中正电荷密度占到负电荷密度的40 -80 %，赤红壤悬液中为8.4 - 22 %，红壤悬液为1.6 - 6.4 %；在红壤悬液中可以忽略正电荷的影响。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

If a body is nonelectrified, the positive charges balance with negative ones.

如果一个物体不带电，它的正电荷与负电荷相等。

Auxiliary SJT-B is a 10% phosphorosilicate colloidal solution,containing Na+ and K+,SiO2-3 and PO3-4,and pentavalent poly phosphorosilicate chain anion formed from activated SiO23 and PO3-4 and the chain anion can bind Ca2+ and Mg2+,thus inhibiting scaling and metal corrosion.

助剂SJT-B是10%的磷硅酸盐胶体溶液，含有Na+和K+、SiO32-和PO43-等离子，在活化状态下一部分SiO32-和PO43-生成具5个负电荷的聚磷硅酸根链状阴离子，后者可结合Ca2+、Mg2+而形成纳米磷硅酸盐胶态粒子，避免结垢并防止金属腐蚀。

Correlation coefficient: 0.9962 . Positively charged'free'complex ions should be readily quenched by 〓, but when it is bound to DNA, it can be protected from the quencher because the highly negatively charged 〓 would be repelled by the negative DNA phosphated backbone, hindering quenching of the emission of the bound complex.

从理论上讲，带正电的配合物的阳离子应该可以被大阴离子淬灭，但是在DNA存在下，金属配合物插入到DNA的碱基对中，而〓被带负电荷的DNA磷酸骨架强烈排斥，从而避免了〓的淬灭，因此大的Stern-Volmer曲线斜率相应于对配合物较弱的保护形式。D。

Chitosan and phosphotungstate acid were fabricated on solid substrates by means of layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technique.

将正电荷的壳聚糖与负电荷的磷钨酸溶液通过静电作用交替沉积在基底上组装复合多层膜。

The frequency of particular amino acids in signal peptides by statistical approach was 48.54% for hydrophobic, 18.67% for uncharged, 24.54% for negative and 8.00% for positive amino acids. The most frequent amino acid was alanine, and the least was isoleucine. Three classes of signal peptides were found in the genome of P. syringae pv. tomato, 501 ORFs belong to secretary signal peptides, 36 ORFs belong to twin-arginine signal peptides, and 15 ORFs belong to lipoprotein signal peptides. Type IV pilin signal peptide and bacteriocins and pheronones signal peptide was not found in the genome.

同时，对组成信号肽的氨基酸种类作了系统的分析，发现组成信号肽的氨基酸中非极性氨基酸占48.54%，极性氨基酸占18.67%，带负电荷氨基酸占24.54%，带正电荷氨基酸仅占8.00%，出现最多的3种氨基酸依次为亮氨酸、丙氨酸和丝氨酸，最少的氨基酸是异亮氨酸，在切割位点－1端的氨基酸中83.21%均为丙氨酸，在切割位点后3位的氨基酸中最多的氨基酸也是丙氨酸。

The experimental results show that the interaction between polysilicic acid characterized negative charge and hydrolyzed aluminum species results in the decrease in the charge-neutralizing ability of PASC, in comparison with PAC.

研究结果表明，在 PASC 中，由于带负电荷的聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用，使得 PASC 的电中和能力较 PAC 有所下降，其下降程度与 PASC 的碱化度和 Al/Si 摩尔比密切相关，B 值和 Al/Si 摩尔比越小，则 PASC 的电中和能力就越弱。

the title compound was synthesized and its structure was studied in theory.the schiff base compound was synthesized by condensation of paeonol with furylfurylamine,then it was deoxidized by sodium borohydried.the energies,bound lengths,bound angles,the net charges of main atom and contributive percents of frontier orbital in the title compound have been calculated by software hyperchem 7.0 in half experience method.the yield rate of title compound was 65.6%.the result of calculation showed that the most of the bond lengths and angles in the system were in the the normal range,negative charge mainly concentrate on o1,o2,o3 and n1.the title compound behaves as quadridentate ligand.

目的合成标题化合物并对其结构进行了理论研究。方法以丹皮酚和糠胺为原料合成席夫碱，经硼氢化钠还原得标题化合物；使用hyperchem7.0程序，用半经验方法计算了化合物分子中能量分布、主要键长、键角以及主要原子的净电荷分布和前言轨道分布。结果标题化合物，收率65.6%；计算结果分析表明，分子中主要原子之间的键长、键角基本在正常的范围内；负电荷主要集中于o1，o2，o3和n1上。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。