负催化剂

With the H3PW12O40/Al2O3 as catalyst, the conditions of preparing acrolein from glycerol were studied in a continuous fixed bed reactor.

同时利用常压连续流动的固定床反应器考察该催化剂对甘油制备丙烯醛的工艺条件，重点考察了催化剂的种类、杂多酸的负载量、反应温度等条件对反应的影响。

Meanwhile the process conditions of catalyst on preparing acrolein with glycerol were investigated by using continuous-flow fixed bed reactor. The effects of conditions of catalyst sorts, loading of heteropoly acid, reaction temperature etc.

同时利用常压连续流动的固定床反应器考察该催化剂对甘油制备丙烯醛的工艺条件，研究了催化剂的种类、杂多酸的负载量、反应温度等条件对反应的影响。

The results show that the possible reasons of the catalyst deactivation are as follows : the suspended substances such as slightly soluble dyes in the wastewater and uncrystallized c produced in the potocatalytic reaction are adsorped on the surface of TiO2 ;some inorganic ions occupy the active center of photocatalyst, or precipitate on its surface ;the supported quantity of TiO2 decreases with long time use and repeated washing.

实验结果说明，催化剂活性下降的主要原因有：废水中不溶于水的染料等悬浮物和催化反应中产生的无定形碳在催化剂表面的吸附；高含量的无机离子对催化剂活性位的占据或在表面的沉积；长时间的使用和反复冲洗使TiO2负载量减少。

By comparing the dehydration methods of three catalytic esterification reactions and the catalysts used under negative pressure, the better method of synthesizing 2 ethylhexyl chloroacetate is using stannous oxide as catalyst under negative pressure.

通过对三种催化酯化反应的脱水方法及负压下使用不同催化剂的比较和选择，提出了以氧化亚锡为催化剂负压脱水合成氯乙酸2乙基己酯的方法。

Synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of rapeseed oil and methanol catalyzed by KOH/Al2O3 solid base was studied. The catalyst was prepared by isochoric impregnation. Effects of some factors on the transesterification were investigated systematically and reaction conditions were optimized. The optimum reaction conditions on KOH/Al2O3 catalyst were: mass ratio of KOH to Al2O3 20%; calcination temperature 400℃ for 5h; molar ratio of methanol to oil 12:1, the amount of catalyst 5wt%; reaction temperature 60℃ and reaction time 2h.

采用等体积浸渍法制备了KOH/Al2O3负载型固体碱催化剂，并将其用于菜籽油与甲醇酯交换法合成生物柴油的研究；分别考察了催化剂附载量、锻烧温度、醇油摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等条件对生物柴油产率的影响；结果表明：用等体积浸渍法，在400℃煅烧5h，制得负载量为20%的KOH/Al2O3催化剂。

A series of SiW_(12)/AC catalysts with different silicotungstic acid loadings supported on acti- vated carbon which was treated with 10% HNO_3 solution were prepared by an impregnation method and the catalytic performance of SiW_(12)/AC for the synthesis of trioxane were investigated.

以10%硝酸溶液处理过的活性炭为载体，采用不同质量分数的硅钨酸SiW_(12溶液为浸渍液，制备了不同负载量的SiW_(12)/AC催化剂，考察了催化剂在合成三聚甲醛中的催化性能，并用XRD、FT-IR、NH_3- TPD、BET、TG-DSC等手段对SiW_(12)/AC催化剂晶粒大小、催化剂表面的酸量及酸强度、比表面积及热稳定性等微观特性进行了表征。

Research result indicated that the cooperative effect between swell and precursor is main factor for the nanoparticle loaded in Nafion, and moreover, polarity of solvent and water content in Nafion also affects the load largely. To improve away the surface concentration of CdS nanocrystal on two side of membrane for general preparation, thioacetamide was first used as a precursor instead of inorganic sulfur source(H2S and Na2S) in synthesis of CdS nanocrystal. The assembly mechanism for several sulfur source had been studied, and CdS/Nafion with the character of homogeneous disperse had been prepared, which is fit for mass transmission in photocatalitic reaction. Following the investigation of several crystallizing way, simple and reliable hydrothermal-crystallizing was found. According to this way, maximal TiO2 load in Nafion achieved 43%. Activity of TiO2/Nafion or CdS/Nafion as a photocatalyst was explored initially for disintegrating liquid contamination. Maximal decompose rate achieved 86% under condition of this research.

研究结果表明：Nafion膜对纳米粒子负载量的主要影响因素是溶胀作用与前驱体协同效应，同时溶剂极性和薄膜含水量对负载量也影响相当大；本课题首次使用硫代乙酰胺代替传统无机硫源（H2S、Na2S）合成CdS纳晶，研究了各种硫源的组装机理，克服了常规技术存在的CdS纳晶趋于膜表面富集的缺点，得到了有利于光催化传质需要的体相均匀分布CdS/Nafion；研究了多种Nafion膜内纳米粒子晶化途径，找到了简单可靠的水热晶化法，TiO2纳晶最高负载量达43％；初步探索了TiO2/Nafion、CdS/Nafion作为光催化剂降解水中模拟污染物的活性，在本实验条件下最高降解率达86％。

The supported WP catalysts showed considerable activity in HDS reaction of dibenzothiophene and HDN reaction of quinoline. The ibenzothiophene HDS activity and quinoline HDN activity of the spported WP catalysts synthesized by co-impregnation method was better than that synthesized by mixing method. The HDS and HDN activities of 25～30% WP catalysts synthesized by co-impregnation method and reduced at 650～750℃ were better than those of the corresponding sulfurized catalyst.

负载型WP催化剂具有较好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性，共浸渍法制备的磷化钨催化剂二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性要高于混合法制备的磷化钨催化剂。650～750℃还原制备的负载量25～30%的浸渍法磷化钨催化剂具有较高的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性，高于相应的硫化态催化剂。

And precipitation rate of vanadium was higher than 98.5%. Five vanadium catalysts were made withγ-Al_2O_3 and the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 as carrier, and were made by dipping method, intermingle process and functionalizing method respectively. The characterization of their pore size, crystal structure, specific surface area and V_2O_5 load of catalysts were studied by XRD, the adsorption /desorption of N_2 technique, Raman spectroscopy and XRF. The activities of the catalysts estimated by the synthesis of DPC with DMC and phenol.

钒催化剂的制备与表征及活性评价：是分别以γ-Al_2O_3和介孔分子筛为载体，采用浸渍法，掺杂法及官能化法制备了5种钒催化剂；分别对其进行了XRD分析、N_2吸附-脱附分析、红外光谱分析和荧光分析，对其孔径、晶型结构、比表面积和V_2O_5负载量进行了表征；以碳酸二甲酯和苯酚的酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的典型反应为依据，对钒催化剂进行了活性评价。

Thermal absorbents and negative catalysts (including char forming promotors) are effective flame retarding additives to explosives. It had been theoretically and practically proved in this paper that it is possible to manufacture flame retarding explosives.

本文对炸药的阻燃研究表明：吸热剂对于AMATOL炸药和负催化剂对于TNT，B炸药，RDX，HMX都是有效的阻燃剂，制造阻燃炸药从理论上和实践上都是可行的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。