负债

COMPOSITE CORPORATION Balance Sheet 20X1- 20X2 (in $ millions) Assets Current assets: Cash and equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories Other Total current assets 20X2 $140 294 269 58 $761 20X1 $107 270 280 50 $707 Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity Current Liabilities: Accounts payable Notes payable Accrued expenses Total current liabilities 20X2 20X1 Fixed assets: Property, plant, and equipment $1,423 $1,274 -550 -460 Less accumulated depreciation Net property, plant, and equipment 873 814 Intangible assets and other 245 221 Total fixed assets $1,118 $1,035 $213 $197 The assets are listed in order 50 53 by the length of time it223 205 normally would take a$486 $455 firm Long-term liabilities: with ongoing operations to $104 Deferred taxes $117 Long-term debt 458 convert them into cash.471 $562 Total long-term liabilities $588 Stockholder's equity: Preferred stock $39 $39 Common stock ($1 per value) 55 32 Capital surplus 347 327 Accumulated retained earnings 390 347 Less treasury stock -26 -20 Total equity $805 $725 Total liabilities and stockholder's equity $1,879 $1,742 Clearly, cash is much more liquid than property, plant and equipment.

Total assets $1，879 $1，742 美国联合公司的资产负债表美国联合公司资产负债表 20X2 和20X1 (单位：百万单位：单位百万)资产流动资产：现金及现金等价物应收帐款存货其它流动资产合计固定资产：财产，厂房和设备减：累计折旧财产，厂房及设备净值无形资产及其它资产固定资产合计 20X2 $140 294 269 58 $761 20X1 $107 270 280 50 $707 债务负债债务和股东权益债务流动负债： 20X2 20X1 资产排列的顺序是根据在通$213 $197 应付帐款 50 53 应付票据常情况下企业持续经营将资205 223 应计费用$486 $455 流动负债合计产转化为现金所需要的时间长期负债：长度。长度。显然，现金比财产，厂房，显然，现金比财产，厂房，设备等的流动性要强得多。设备等的流动性要强得多。

In theory this paper creates 6 independent variables to figure a corporation's debt structure by the generalized concept of capital structure with floating debt. Taking the improved Tobin's Q as the explained variable, this paper works out 4 expressions after regression estimation.

首先理论上，本文从一个新的角度在广义资本结构的概念下，将流动负债纳入负债结构的研究范围，将企业负债按照对象结构——既债权人类型分类，在此基础上设计了6个解释变量表征负债结构。

In the end, there is a brief conclusion . The conclusion of this passage mainly includes: The listed companies have obvious preference for stock right financing, and the financing order is stock right financing, the short-term debt, endogenous financing, the long-term debt, which differs from that of western countries; Financing structure is characterized by comparatively lower asset-liability rate, higher floating debt and lower long-term debt; The governance structure is irrational, and the shareholders" meeting perform practically no function. In the meanwhile, board of director structure is unreasonable, which is highly coincident with the manager layer. Board of supervisors" independent character is poor, while manager layer is lacking in restraints and supervision; The interdynamic

本文的结论：上市公司有明显的股权融资偏好，融资顺序为股权融资、短期负债、内源融资、长期负债，这与西方国家上市公司的融资顺序不同；融资结构具有资产负债率相对较低，流动负债偏高、长期负债偏低的特征；治理结构不合理，股东大会形同虚设、董事会结构不合理、董事会与经理层高度重合、监事会独立性不强、经理层缺乏约束与监督；治理结构与融资策略选择的互动关系不强；独立董事比例与资产负债率正相关，工业、公用事业与资产负债率负相关，商业与流动负债率正相关，第一大股东持股比例与流动负债率负相关，第一大股东持股比例与长期负债率正相关，执行董事比例、工业、商业与长期负债率负相关。

Education2002/09-2003/12 Maastricht University, NetherlandsMaster of Social Security1989/09-1993/07 Renmin University of ChinaBachelorProfessional certificationFRMThe China Securities Association, a practicing certificateCurrent treatment minimum wage: RMB 530,004 / year = 44,167 / month × year fixed-DecemberExperience2007/07- present Union Life Beijing Company Compliance Risk Management Department / General Manager of Corporate Risk Management Committee Member and the Investment Management Committee members of BeijingReporting Objects: Company CROWork: Economic Capital Management asset-liability management comprehensive risk management Compliance Management Investment Risk Management Investment Performance Evaluation Management Legal Services Corporate Risk Management Committee Member, and the investment management committee members, participation in pension and asset management companies to build.2003/11-2007/06 Taikang Life Beijing Company Risk Management / Manager BeijingReporting object: department headWork: measuring market risk economic capital and credit risk economic capital integration of the entire company's economic capital, including the insurance risk and operational risk economic capital, economic capital internal controls and operational risk management a variety of risk analysis and asset liability management study capital management and capital allocation Risk Management and Performance Evaluation liability company-wide asset-liability management in the enterprise annuity on training and preparation for data preparation, as well as the preparation of Tyco pension.

教育背景2002/09-2003/12 荷兰马斯特里赫特大学社会保障硕士1989/09-1993/07 中国人民大学经济学学士专业证照FRM 中国证券协会执业证书目前待遇基本工资：人民币 530，004/年＝ 44，167 /月×全年固定12月工作经历2007/07-至今合众人寿北京总公司风险合规管理部/总经理公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员北京汇报对象：公司CRO工作内容：经济资本管理资产负债管理全面风险管理合规管理投资风险管理投资绩效评估管理公司法律事务公司风险管理委员会会员以及投资管理委员会会员，参与养老金公司和资产管理公司筹建。2003/11-2007/06 泰康人寿北京总公司风险管理部/经理北京汇报对象：部门负责人工作内容：计量市场风险经济资本和信用风险经济资本整合整个公司旳经济资本，包括保险风险经济资本和业务风险经济资本内部控制和操作风险的管理各种风险的分析以及资产负债管理研究资本管理和资本配置风险管理和绩效评估负债整个公司资产负债管理参与企业年金的关于培训和筹备资料准备以及泰康养老金筹建。

According to the results of empirical study, current relative corporate value is in inverse proportion to asset return ratio and asset liability ratio,and in direct proportion to equity interest and long term/short term liabilities;the growth potential of corporate value is in direct proportion to asset return ratio,and in inverse proportion...

实证结果表明，我国上市公司当前的相对价值与公司的资产报酬率以及资产负债比呈反比，而与公司的股东权益比、长短期负债比成正比。公司的价值成长能力与公司的资产报酬率成正比，而与公司的资产负债比、股东权益比、长短期负债比成反比。

Research on asset liability management is summed up from domestic and overseas banks asset liability management, insurance and pension plan, long-term financial planning issues and multistage financial asset allocation in this paper. Application of scenario generation and stochastic programming in multistage asset liability management is also discussed.

在我国的经济背景下，考虑未来的不确定性，对我国养老金资产负债管理、银行资产负债管理、投资基金的资产配置及个人财务计划问题进行了研究，即(1)在资产负债管理随机规划模型的基础上，根据国内实际情况，改进了模型的约束条件，建立了适合国内情况的资产负债管理模型。

Other definitions include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金，应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

Other s include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金，应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

S include ratio of current assets less inventories to current liabilities, ratio of quick assets to current liabilities, ratio of cash plus near-cash assets to current liabilities, and ratio of cash plus accounts receivable plus the market value of selected investments to current liabilities.

其他定义还有：流动资产减去存货与流动负债的比率；速动资产与流动负债的比率；现金加近似现金的资产与流动负债的比率；现金、应收帐款和某些投资的市价与流动负债的比率等。

By expanding the L-B model and integrating the impulsions into the model, we can conclude the different influeces to corporation value and debts level come from different impulsions:1 The change of demand——If the demand increases temperately, the corporation value also increases and the firm will increase its debts level, vice versa.2 The change of technology——New technology reduces products\' cost and improves the corporation value, the firm will increase debts level. 3 The unsymmetrical change of the firm\'s decision——The leader\'s corporation value increases and will increase its debts level, the follower is contrary.

对L—B模型进行扩展，将随机冲击的影响纳入模型，可以导出随机冲击对企业整体价值、负债水平产生的不同的影响：1市场需求变化——当市场需求温和上升时，企业整体价值上升，企业有增加负债的动力；温和下降时情况相反。2技术更替——技术更替降低了产品成本，提高了企业的整体价值，企业有增加负债的动力。3非对称的市场决策变化——领导企业的整体价值上升，有增加负债的动力；跟随企业则相反。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。