豁免

The Borrower's abjuration of right on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise from setoff, suit, judgment or execution is the basic of the contract. If the Borrower claimed its immunity listed in the clause, the lender would not be able to enjoy the benefit under the contract and suffer great disadvantage, which will effect the realization of the goal of the contract.

借款方放弃主权豁免以及免受抵消、起诉、裁判和强制执行的权利是本合同存在的基础，如果借款方主张本条款列举的豁免，可能使贷款方享受不到本合同项下的应得利益，蒙受重大不利，并且将影响合同的实现。

Jurisdiction immunity, expounds the systems of state immunity, diplomatic immunity and the international organization immunity.

本章阐述了英国的国家豁免、外交豁免和国际组织的豁免制度。

Therefore, the exemption is set RoHS lead as an alloying element, in steel, aluminum, Copper alloys were allowed to reach the corresponding content of the duty exemption.

所以RoHS 指令设定的豁免条件是铅作为合金元素时，其在钢、铝、铜合金中的含量才允许达到相应的豁免值。

We can comprehend the mode of the system of immunity of witness like that: the witness refusing to testify according to the prior condition of " the privilege against self- incrimination " The prosecutor has the absolute controlling power to start the immunity of witness.

作证豁免制度一般模式为：前提条件一般为证人基于"反对强迫自证其罪"特权拒绝作证；追诉方拥有作证豁免的绝对控制权；豁免的法律后果是证人如实提供证言，司法机关彻底免除或有限免除其刑事责任；豁免不排除对证人以作伪证或藐视法庭而给予处罚。

This paper will discuss the question of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area as following: at first, the paper introduces the general theory on exemption from anti-monopoly law; then, this paper will introduce the legislations of United States and European Union on anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, review and analyze the history, and expound respective jurisdiction and policy; and then, the paper will concretely analyze the legal principle of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area; and then, it will discuss two concrete questions about system, including defining the concept of"involver"-----the person of legal relation of anti-monopoly law's exempt in agricultural area, and according to the legal frame of anti-monopoly law, the paper will analyze the legitimate action the agricultural cooperative organization; at last, this paper will advance some legislative suggestions about our national Anti-monopoly Act's exempt in agricultural area.

首先，介绍反垄断法豁免问题的一般理论；然后，介绍美国和欧盟在农业领域的反垄断法豁免的立法规定，回顾和分析其立法历史，阐述相关法理和政策考量；其次，具体分析农业领域反垄断法豁免采用的法律原则；再次，主要讨论两个具体制度问题，包括界定"参与人"概念——农业领域反垄断豁免的法律关系的主体，和根据反垄断法框架分析农业合作组织的合法行为；最后，为我国反垄断法农业领域豁免提出立法建议。

In the past several years,the definition of "foreign states" on the "Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act" has been clarified and the retroactivity of the FSIA has been confirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

一、美国国家豁免法新发展之一：国有企业子公司豁免主体地位的否认1976年出台的《外国主权豁免法》(Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act，以下简称FSIA)是美国国家豁免法的核心和基础。

Through the analysis and comparison between the two kinds of immunity mode, the absolute immunity dissents from the principle governed by law and the principle of right relieving.

通过对绝对豁免和保留豁免的分析和比较，本文指出了绝对豁免模式的相对不合理性、绝对豁免与法治原则和权利救济原则无可避免的冲突，并提出以保留豁免模式替代绝对豁免模式的理论必要性和可能性。

We therefore revoke, with the approval of this sacred council, all exemptions that were first granted after the said Gregory XI's death, by any persons whomsoever claiming to be Roman pontiffs, even if perchance we ourselves with full knowledge approved or renewed the exemptions, without the party in question being heard, to any cathedral churches, monasteries (even those that were exempt but were later made subject to a monastery of a different order or tradition), chapters, convents, prelacies, benefices, places and persons whatsoever, if they had enjoyed no exemption before they were exempted in this way, but were simply subject to ordinary jurisdiction, and had no beginning before that time.

因此，我们撤销，在征得这片神圣的，所有的豁免都是首次批出后说，格雷戈里喜的死，是任何人，何人自称为罗马教宗，即使perchance我们自己的全部知识核准或延长豁免项目，但无党的问题正在审理，以任何大教堂教堂，修道院（即使是那些被豁免，但后来被置于一个修道院的一个不同的命令或传统），章，修道院， prelacies ， benefices ，地方和什么人，如果他们已不享受豁免才获得豁免这样，但只是受普通管辖权问题，并没有开始之前的时间。

We can comprehend the mode of the system of immunity of witness like that: the witness refusing to testify according to the prior condition of " the privilege against self- incrimination " The prosecutor has the absolute controlling power to start the immunity of witness.

作证豁免制度一般模式为：前提条件一般为证人基于&反对强迫自证其罪&特权拒绝作证；追诉方拥有作证豁免的绝对控制权；豁免的法律后果是证人如实提供证言，司法机关彻底免除或有限免除其刑事责任；豁免不排除对证人以作伪证或藐视法庭而给予处罚。

Exclusions - The requirements do not apply to the following nail, screw, and bolt shapes.

豁免豁免豁免豁免-此要求不适用于以下螺钉，螺丝和螺栓状玩具

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。