谱

In order to represent accurately and concisely the changing characteristics of one-dimensional spectrum density function in the chatter development. This thesis, for the first time, proposes the Edgeworth asymptotic expansion formulas of spectral density. A detailed proof is given. Some new statistic including spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis and spectral cumulants are proposed.

为了准确、简洁地表达一维谱密度函数在切削颤振建立过程中的变化特征，论文首次建立了一维谱密度函数的Edgeworth渐近谱展开式，给出了详细的证明；并由此提出了"谱偏态系数"、"谱峰态系数"和"谱累积量函数"等新的谱统计量。

The main contents are:(1) The polarized laser Raman spectra of acetone, methyl alcohol, alcohol, ethylene glycol, formamide, acetonitrile, acetic acid, Chloroform, Methylene chloride, and Bromoform are measured in the experiment.(2) The depolarization ratio of Raman shift in the measured spectrum are

主要的结果有：得到了丙酮分子9条喇曼谱线、甲醇分子5条喇曼谱线、乙醇分子9条喇曼谱线、乙二醇分子7条喇曼谱线、甲酰胺分子8条喇曼谱线、乙腈分子8条喇曼谱线、乙酸分子8条喇曼谱线

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

A new method using gel permeation chromatographic cleanup followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been established for quantitative determination of Maleic hydrazide,Prowl and butralin residues in tobacco.

建立了用凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱分析烟草中3种抑芽剂残留的方法。卷烟中的待测抑芽剂组分用V∶V=1∶1超声提取后通过凝胶渗透色谱净化；凝胶色谱柱为Biobeads S-X3玻璃柱(50 g，400 mm×25 mm)，流动相为V∶V=1∶1溶液，流速5 mL/min；收集第10~25 min流出的液体用液相色谱色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪测定。

Therefore,a series studies of ice-pier vibration are performed from different aspects in this paper.The main work of this his thesis is summarized as follows:(1) Ice response spectra is proposed based on the idea of a seismic response spectra analysis of str .. uctures.Firstly,ice response spectra on the basis of power spectra density function is established;Secondly,based on the assumption of quadratic parabolic interpolation method,the nonlinear interpolation analysis method of ice response spectra is studied from both theoretical and practical points of view,and the successive computation formulas including ice displacement,velocity and acceleration response spectrum are deduced by Duhamel integral.Furthermore,to analyze the effectivity and applicability of the method, the real temporal curves of ice pressure are used to be studied.The results show that the presented method is more convenient and accurate to study the structural response induced by ice force,also it can be effectively applied in the design of ice resistance.

鉴于此，本文针对冰激桥墩结构振动问题从不同方面展开了一系列与之相关的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)根据结构抗震反应分析思想提出了冰振反应谱，首先建立了基于功率谱密度函数的冰振反应谱；其次借鉴地震反应谱内插法的思想从理论和实际观点出发，假定在等距离微小时间间隔内冰荷载按二次抛物线规律变化，由Duhamel积分推导出冰振位移、速度以及加速度反应谱的一系列连锁公式，建立了基于非线性内插法的冰振反应谱，并利用实际冰压力时程曲线进行了冰振反应谱数值分析，为以后冰激结构振动的研究提供一种方便、简捷、精确的分析方法，也能够将其有效地应用到结构的抗冰计算中。

Secondly, 4 methods of azimuth estimation based on vector hydrophone according to forms of nosie and signal are brought forward. The principles of these 4methods are set forth, simulating them by computer. Acoustic intensity averager can effectively suppress isotropic non-coherent interference; DOA based on line-spectra can effectively detect the target radiating line-spectra and estimate its azimuth angle; Bar graph approach can suppress line-spectra coherent interference and distinguish different targets radiating line-spectrum. Weighted bargraph approach can detect target in broadband coherent interference and estimate its azimuth angle.

其次，根据背景干扰和信号样式的不同，提出了单矢量水听器方位估计的4种方法；阐述了这4种方法的原理，并进行了计算机仿真，指出平均声强器方位估计适用于各向同性噪声场背景干扰，讨论了平均声强器的处理增益；目标辐射噪声中有线谱时，线谱方位估计有很好的性能，其中的LOFAR线谱和高频解调得到的DEMON线谱都是目标的特征谱线，可以利用它们进行方位估计，详细讨论了利用特征线谱单个矢量水听器分辨多目标的性能；直方图方位估计能抗强线谱相干干扰；加权直方图方位估计可以抗宽带相干干扰。

However, some firms do not靠谱basic, such as the most obstinate The death of long Oriental Securities and China Merchants Securities, as well as the logic seems accurate, but the conclusions very different monster Haitong Securities.

然而，有些企业基本不靠谱如最顽固的长期东方证券和中国招商证券的死亡，以及逻辑似乎正确，但结论完全不同的怪物海通证券。

Methods by using a broad pH range column(Gemini NX C18,4.6mm×150mm,5μm),basic mobile phase which was[H_2O-ammonia-glacial acetic acid] (96:3.6:0.4)-methanol,the related substances in etimicinsulfate were separated and detected by electrospray ionization and positive ion monitoring,the ESI ion source condition was following: temperature is 350℃,nebulizing pressure is 50 psi,dry gas flow is 10 L /min.some related substances in etimicinsulfate were identified by comparing the retention time in chromatography,~+ spectrum and MS~2 spectrum with reference substances\',the others which haven\'t reference substances were identified or speculated by analyzing their MS~2 fragmentation with the help of a rule summarized from the MS~2 fragmentation of gentamicin C1a,micronomicin and etimicin.Results nineteen related substances in etimicinsulfate were separated and detected.

方法利用宽pH范围的Gemini NX C18(4.6mm×150mm，5μm)色谱柱，在碱性条件下，以[水-氨水-冰醋酸(96：3.6：0.4)]-甲醇(70：30)为流动相，直接分离各组分；并用HPLC-ESI-MS~2检测样品中各组分，质谱条件：ESI离子源，离子源温度350□，雾化室压力50 psi，干燥气流速10 L/min，正离子检测方式；对有对照品的有关物质采用比对有关物质与对照品的色谱保留时间、准分子离子的质荷比及二级质谱方法进行鉴定，无对照品的有关物质，则是先通过解析庆大霉素Cla、小诺霉素、依替米星的二级质谱，对该类化合物的二级质谱裂解规律进行归纳，并以此推测未知新化合物进行结构，再用推测的结构对二级质谱进行解析，如所有的碎片离子均合理解释，表明推测合理。

First, the background spectrum is subtracted from experimental one; Second, by the spectrum stripping, the counts came from partial energy deposition of incidence photon in HPGe crystal, such as Compton scatting or pair production; the next, transform the experimental spectrum to the incidence photon flux spectrum.

实验数据的处理过程有三步：1 从实验谱中减掉本底谱；2 实验谱中分离掉各种能量的入射光子在晶体中的部分能量沉积(康普顿散射、电子对效应)：3 处理过的实验谱转成入射光子通量谱。比较结果显示，在本实验中，模拟谱对实验谱的总计数相对偏差不大于20%，两者基本符合。

The findings indicated that, the Japonica rice RVA profile characteristic is the concurrently Indica rice nature with the glutinous RVA profile characteristic continuously change body, assumes 5 kind of characteristics class groups, the few idioplasms has the glutinous starch RVA profile characteristic, also has some idioplasms for the starch RVA profile characteristic of Indica rice, the partial idioplasms have the high quality RVA profile characteristic, namely setback for the negative value, the overwhelming majority idioplasm RVA profile characteristic approx

研究结果表明，粳稻的RVA谱特征是兼具籼性与糯性RVA谱特征的连续变化体，呈5种特征类群，少量种质具有糯性淀粉RVA谱特征，即还有一些种质表现出为籼性淀粉RVA谱特征，部分种质具有优质的RVA谱特征，即消减为负值，绝大多数种质的RVA谱特征(约占样本数的85%)，其曲线的显著特征为消减值在250-1000cp。籼稻的RVA谱特征的分化亦呈现为多态性，主要表现为峰值粘度、最终粘度与消减值的分异性，在籼稻种质材料中主体RVA谱类型的特征表现为消减值在1000-2000cp间。特异的分化出3种类型，第一类表现为峰值粘度与消减值均在2000cp

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。