谬误的

The Storm: Hannibal Crossing the Alps and his Army of Snow Storm (1812)(snow-man looked Hannibal and his Army: line, Alps 1812)- most early career, the most sophisticated and most important work in one year, the exhibition catalogue, from oneself, not complete poem the hope of a few lines of falsehood pulled to increase this painting, literature and history in his fearsome galvanism scenes with water and the mountains like natural forces extremely exuberant imagination, result, this painting will to people's emotion scenery formed lofty feeling and history of painting, a combination of thought.

暴风雪：汉尼拔和他的军队穿越阿尔卑斯雪山》（1812）（Snow Storm： Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps 1812）——透纳艺术生涯早期最具气势，最精良也是最重要的作品之一，在当年的展览目录上，透纳从自己不完整的诗作《希望的谬误》里抽出几行来增加这幅画的文学和历史成分，再加之以他那令人生畏的场景和风与水那排山倒海般自然力量的极其旺盛的想象，结果便是，这幅画将风景对人的情感形成的崇高感和历史画的道德、思想关怀结合了起来。

"Polly I love you.You are the whole world to me,and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.Please,my darling,say that you will go steady with me,for if you will not,life will be meaningless.I will languish.I will refuse my meals.I will wander the face of the earth,a shambling,hollow-eyed hulk."-"Ad Misericordiam."-"Well,Polly,you certainly have learn your fallacies."-"You're darn right."-"And who taught them to you,Polly?"-"You did."-"That's right,So you do owe me sth,don't you,my dear?If I hadn't come along you never would have learned about fallacies."-"Hypothesis Contrary to Fact."-"Polly,you mustn't take things so literally.I mean this is just classroom stuff,You know that the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with life."

其实文章之中暗含著许多的谬误，例如Dobie一开始认为Polly美丽而且大方就认为自己爱上了她，这是草率结论，因为，他并不爱一个蠢女人，而爱的是改造后的聪明Polly；而Dobie把浣熊皮大衣与Petey交换Polly，这是错误类比，因为Polly是一个女人而并非一件大衣；Dobie一开始认为自己的大脑像发电机一样发达，像化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利，而Petey却笨得像头驴，赶时髦是最缺乏理智的表现，这是绝对判断，正是因为他如此绝对判断自己非人的能力，才导致这样愚蠢的结局。。。。。。。。。

The concern outspreads by two dimensions: the first starts off from individual existence and explores the rationality of it; the second is based on the provincen point, rethinking and questioning collective utopia. The specific representations are: the reflection on political utopia in historical memory through the material plight of the weak, the oppugnation of economic utopia by the delineation of the tragic fates under cultural puzzledom; the paradox of strength and absurdity caused by the loss of normality and rationality through the creation of the strong characters, which is also the contradiction between the modern call of "strength" and the criticism on the loss of morality; the meaning of existence for the intellectuals, the embarrassment they encounter in reality and the disillusion of collective utopia by the description of different life styles for the intellectuals.

这种关注在文本中表现为对三类人物的刻写：通过弱者在物质困境中的生存对历史记忆中政治乌托邦做出反思，从文化困境中弱者的命运悲剧对经济乌托邦做出质疑；通过强者形象写出了道德失范与理性缺失导致的强大与谬误同在的悖论；通过知识分子不同的生存方式，揭示了其存在的意义和在现实中的尴尬，以及知识分子试图重建群体乌托邦梦想的破灭。

The poet that beautified the sect, that was otherwise inferior to the rest, said yet excellently well: 'it is a pleasure, to stand upon the shore, and to see ships tossed upon the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle, and to see a battle, and the adventures thereof below: but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth' a hill not to be commanded, and where the air is always clear and serene, 'and to see the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale below;' so always, that this prospect be with pity, and not with swelling, or pride.

还是那位诗人（他使自己的一派增光，否则它就会逊色与其他派别）说得精彩："站在海岸看颠簸在海面上的船只是一种快乐，站在城堡的窗口看下面一场冒险的战斗也是一种快乐；但站在占据真理的优势，审视谬误与疑虑，如同站在一个空气始终清新宁静、没有硝烟、而且不会被人占领的山头，看下面山谷里的迷雾与风暴，——这是无以伦比的快乐。"

The poet that beautified the sect that was otherwise inferior to the rest says yet excellently well: 'It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore and to see ships tossed upon the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle and to see a battle and the adventures thereof below: but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage ground of truth '(a hill not to be commanded, and where the air is always clear and serene;) 'and to see the errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale below;' so always, that this prospect be with pity, and not with swelling, or pride.

一个名列最次的学派，却出了一位光照学门的杰出诗人；下面的话他说得非常精彩："站在海岸看颠簸在海面上的船只是一种快乐，站在城堡的窗口看下面一场冒险的战斗也是一种快乐；但占据真理的优势，审视谬误与疑虑，如同站在一个空气始终清新宁静、没有硝烟、而且不会被人占领的山头，俯看山谷里的迷雾与风暴，——这是无以伦比的快乐。"不过你任何时候都应该带着怜悯而不是吹嘘或骄傲。

The principles of definition, the law of contradiction, the fallacy of arguing in a circle, the distinction between the essence and accidents of a thing or notion, between means and ends, between causes and conditions; also the division of the mind into the rational, concupiscent, and irascible elements, or of pleasures and desires into necessary and unnecessary-- these and other great forms of thought are all of them to be found in the Republic, and were probably first invented by Plato.

解释事物的准则，处理冲突的法律，循环论证的谬误，事物或观念中的平均与偶然、目的与结果、动机与状态之间的差别，将人的意识进一步划分为理性、性欲和易怒因素等不同领域，将愉快和期望区别为必要部分和非必要部分——所有这些及其其它相关的伟大思想发现，都可以在《理想国》中找到，而且很有可能都是柏拉图的首创。

Then the author analyzes empirically China's terms of trade from 1981,and the causes of the change in the net barter terms of trade by means of regression analysis ,which can be quantitied.we get the results that China's net barter terms of trade had a declining trend while its income terms and factorial terms of trade had been improved,and the net barter terms of trade positively correlates with actual tariff rate,exchange rate and negatively correlates with GDP,besides,the factors which can not be quantitied such as pure price fighting,inappropiate tariff sytem,foreign-invested enterprises's tranfer pricing and region trade agreement also lead to the above trend of China's net barter terms of trade,and the change in China's net barter terms of trade had a neglect impact on international trade benefit.

得出中国价格贸易条件总体上存在下降趋势，收入、要素条件呈现改善的趋势；实际关税率、汇率与价格贸易条件存在正相关关系，GDP指数与其负相关。出口企业恶性价格竞争、不合理的关税体制、外资企业的转移定价、区域贸易集团是造成中国价格贸易条件下降的非量化因素。此外，本文分析了1981-2004年价格贸易条件变动导致的中国国际贸易利益变化，发现价格贸易条件变动对中国国际贸易利益产生了一定的负面影响。最后，本文在分析中国价格贸易条件变动环境的基础上，认为中国工业化阶段不高、贸易限制性政策实施空间的减小、&合成谬误&现象及知识经济时代的到来会在一定时期内对价格贸易条件变动不利。

The assemblage of so much talent and enlighted goodwill behind a single proposal must give pause to anyone who support the other side, in an attempt to make clear my views(which is now close to unpopular), i started by granting that my conclusion is arguable;that is, i am still open to conviction,provided some fallcies and frivolities in the abolitionist argument are first dispposed of and difficulties not ignored but overcome.

如此之多的英才贤士群起支持一项善意的提议，当然会使任何敌对的一方望而却步。了阐明我的观点(尽管我的观点目前几乎不得人心)，我得申明我的结论是可以争辩的，也就是说，我仍愿意服从真理，但条件是首先必须澄清废除派论点中的某些谬误和强词夺理之言；这些问题必须解决，而不能置之不理。若能做到这些，我当然非常高兴。

Samuel Johnson's letter to Benet on the death of General Drury contains a passage which might epitomize Melanie Klein's attitude to her work:'Whether to see life as it is will give us much consolation, I know not; but the consolation which is drawn from truth, if any there be, is solid and durable; that which may be derived from error must be, like its original, fallacious and fugitive.

塞缪尔·约翰逊在致贝尼特的信中有一段谈到德鲁里将军之死的话，可以用来概括梅兰妮·克莱茵对待她的工作的态度：&我不知道视生活为其所然是否就会给我们更多的安慰，但即便有什么安慰的话，那么也只有从真理中得来的安慰才是坚实而持久的；这种源自于错误的真理就如同它原始物一样，不可避免地带有谬误和难以捉摸的色彩。&

Fortunately, then China Central Academy of Fine Arts started a training program in the charge of Bencas with France Art Academy with respect of classic painting materials and skills. Guo enjoyed the full technical process of the European classic oil painting for the first time in his life from this training program and began to realize his previous errors and understood that what was popular in the Chinese painting at that time as just the original feature of the "Alla Prima" from the Soviet Union.

而尤其幸运的是，当时中央美术学院正在开办由来自法国美术学院的古典油画材料与技法专家宾卡斯主持的训练班，这个班的课，使郭润文第一次亲眼目睹和实践了欧洲古典油画的整个技术过程，开始明白从前所学到的谬误，明白了弥漫在中国油画界的原来只是一种来自前苏联的被称之为&一次性画法&的本来面目。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐